A marine's Afghan AAR (V): Learn how to patrol, dammit

While Tom Ricks is away from his blog, he has selected a few of his
favorite posts to re-run. We will be posting a few every day until he returns.
This originally ran on December 24, 2009.

Here CWO2/Gunner Keith Marine gives a memorable lecture on patrolling, and
nearly runs out of letters in making his points. Read it now and believe it
later:

We have to get back our patrolling capabilities.  Ninety percent of
everything we do is patrolling but we aren't good at it. The Iraq experience
has done some good things for our Corps but it has diminished our patrolling
capabilities. Our NCOs' experience in Iraq has fostered a sure knowledge that
the double column is the preferred formation and moving along roads is
acceptable, which are exactly the wrong things to do. Right now we operate at
an acceptable level but with some focused training we can limit our casualties,
while killing more of the enemy. Everyone can spout 5-3-5 rules but few know
what it is and even fewer practice it.

A) Each patrol needs a viable mission that accomplishes a needed task.
Going here because we went over there yesterday is beyond stupid and you are
failing as a leader with that reasoning.

B) Go through the orders process in its entirety when able. At a minimum do
route planning and brief an order covering Situation (past 24 or 48 hours and
other patrols) Mission (what, where and purpose), Execution (intent, where you
expect to make contact or find IEDs and actions when that happens, IA drills for
contact, IED strike, Medevac, and cover formation types - where you will
satellite/guardian angel, wedge echelon etc).

C) Do a confirmation brief with the platoon commander.

D) Conduct Initial and Final Inspections. 

E) Use an Initial Rally Point inside the wire to conduct your final
inspection, do last minute rehearsals or rehearsal of concept drills, final com
checks, get in your initial combat formation and be counted out of the wire by
the APL -- use your APL, most of the Marines now days don't even know what that
is.

F) Point men need to be trained along with flanks. Use a dual point system --
one guy looking close for IED threat and one far scanning tree lines. Walk at a
pace that facilitates your mission, not which gets you back to the patrol base
quicker.

G) Take security halts and observe your surroundings frequently. Have one of
your patrol elements set up in observation covertly while the other element
moves into the village. Watch the actions the locals do. Want atmospherics,
see if there are runners or people move towards the patrol to greet them. If
something happens, this observation team is already set as a base of fire.

H) Investigate what is happening. Marines often see locals doing routine
tasks, like pumping water or kids playing, when if they investigated vice just
continuing to patrol on by, they would see the hole perfectly shaped for an IED
amongst the playing children dug by the guy with a pick axe being shielded by
the pretty kids playing in the road. The Taliban are masters at using the
obvious to deploy IEDs right under your nose.

I) Use deception. Send out two patrols at a time in different directions,
and then have one circle back. All too often we rotate patrols in and out. The
Taliban quickly figure out that if the patrol just went west, he has complete
freedom of movement to the East.

J) Use Satellites, traveling and bounding over watch and a variety of
formations to match the threat. 

K) Do not set patterns.

L) Stay the fuck off of roads and trails. I believe that every casualty our
battalion has taken from IEDs, with the exception of two incidents, has been on
a road or trail and it has been at times when the Marines were not required to
be on the road or trail as part of a sweep/clearance mission.

M) Use rally points.

N) Use the appropriate formation to be in the most advantageous position to
immediately gain the initiative and kill the enemy. We are very lacking in this
area and a lot of our squad leaders just don't get it. Use TDGs and a variety
of training scenarios to get them up to speed and understand a variety of
terrain and tactical based scenarios.

O) Crossing Linear Danger areas is a lost art, especially when a patrol will
walk three hundred meters along a canal to find a foot bridge to cross it -
-terrible at setting patterns, just walk through the water but set up near and
far side security first and use a variety of techniques so you don't set
patterns.

P) Communication Procedures need work. Rehearse them and have competent
Marines on the radio.

Q) Proper dispersion. Make sure it's enough to mitigate the IED threat but
not too much where you are not in a position to get combat power where it needs
to be. If you have to do ten "I'm up they see me, I'm downs" prior to getting
your weapon into action, your spent before you go into the assault. It's all
fun and games when someone is shooting at you via pop shots at 300 meters, a
completely different story when you have a few machine guns hammering down on
you from less than 100 meters.

R) Individual movement and actions such as using available cover and making
eye contact with the guy behind you every ten steps or so.

S) Stay in zone a while. We have become too bogged down with timelines. 
More often than not, the Iraq standard of four hour patrols is the constant. One platoon commander had his guys doing 12 hour patrols. Initially, when I
heard about it, I thought it was stupid.  After visiting the patrol base and
going on some of his patrols, I realized he was a genius.  He solved several
problems at once. His Marines automatically set up to observe areas because
they had to in order to rest. They spent a good deal of time speaking with
locals, because it's another way to rest. They moved slowly and deliberately,
because the Marines realized iPod time doesn't come until that 12 hours is up. They covered their entire AO almost daily and 24 hours a day. Marines had
enough time to focus on patrol prep.  There is a lot of ways to accomplish your
mission and you have to try a variety.  Change things up and never count
anything out.