The Champawat Tigress: Jim Corbett’s First Real Hunt for a Man-Eater

In the early 20th century, deep in the rugged terrain of the Kumaon region in northern India, a man-eating tigress was terrorising local communities. By the time she was finally brought down in 1907, she had claimed an estimated 436 human lives — a staggering toll that remains the highest attributed to a single big cat. Her name would become infamous: the Champawat Tigress.

Her story, however, is also inextricably linked to one of conservation’s most complex and legendary figures: Jim Corbett. While today he is remembered as a pioneer of wildlife protection — and the namesake of India’s first national park, Corbett began his journey into the wild not as a saviour, but as a hunter. The Champawat tigress was his first true pursuit of a confirmed man-eater. And it was a pursuit that would change the course of his life.

A Killing Machine Created by Human Wounds

We now know the Champawat tigress turned to humans after sustaining severe injuries likely inflicted by poachers or after a confrontation with hunters. Broken canines and damage to her jaw made her unable to bring down natural prey. In desperation, she turned to easier quarry: people.

Her killing spree spanned the border of Nepal and India. After the Nepalese army failed to stop her, she crossed into British India’s Kumaon region. Panic and grief followed in her wake. Villages emptied. Daily life ceased. Entire communities were paralysed by fear.

Enter Jim Corbett

In 1907, Jim Corbett, then a railway man and experienced shikari (hunter), was called upon to stop her. He was young, only in his early 30s, and this marked his first major hunt for a man-eating big cat, a fact made clear in both Corbett’s own writing and subsequent historical biographies. After several failed attempts and tense tracking, he eventually shot the tigress near the village of Champawat. The hunt earned him widespread recognition, but more importantly, it ignited a lifelong mission to understand why big cats turn man-eater, and how to prevent it. He later even became a keen early, wildlife photographer and observer.

Corbett’s later life saw a complete transformation. He would become one of India’s earliest and most passionate voices for tiger conservation, often risking his reputation to defend the species he had once been called to destroy.

The Book: No Beast So Fierce

For those intrigued by the history behind the hunt, Dane Huckelbridge’s No Beast So Fierce (2019) offers a gripping, well-researched account of the Champawat tigress and Corbett’s involvement. It not only explores the hunt itself but also examines the colonial, ecological, and human factors that gave rise to such a tragic chapter. Huckelbridge places the tigress’s killings in the wider context of deforestation, conflict, and human encroachment — themes that still resonate today, when tiger populations have been decimated by a shocking 96% since Corbett’s time.

Setting the Record Straight: A Note on Recent Misinformation

Recently, television host and adventurer Forrest Galante released a YouTube video discussing the Champawat tigress. While his enthusiasm for wildlife storytelling is commendable, the video unfortunately contained some mild inaccuracies. Chief among them was the claim that this was not Jim Corbett’s first hunt for a man-eater.

Corbett himself, in his 1944 book Man-Eaters of Kumaon, makes it clear that the Champawat tigress was his first real confrontation with a man-eating big cat — a life-and-death pursuit that shaped his entire philosophy on wildlife. Galante’s failure to reflect this not only disrespects the historical record but also distorts the narrative of a pivotal moment in conservation history.

As wildlife communicators, we owe it to the truth, and to the animals whose stories we tell to get the facts right. In the name of entertainment and click-bait, this isn’t always the case. We would do well to remember that the Champawat tigress was more than just a man-eater; she was a tragic byproduct of human impact, and her story catalysed the transformation of one of conservation’s most influential figures.

Remembering the Legacy

Today, as tiger numbers teeter and human-wildlife conflict continues, the tale of the Champawat tigress remains deeply relevant. It is a cautionary tale. Not of a monster in the jungle, but of what happens when humans and nature fall fatally out of balance.

Corbett’s journey from hunter to conservationist reminds us that change is possible. And that understanding, compassion, and respect must guide our relationship with the wild.