Between Shoes and Walls: Reflecting on Ashihara Yoshinobu’s Last Lecture

What makes a space “inside”? Where does “outside” begin? For Yoshinobu Ashihara, these weren’t just architectural questions, but reflections on how human beings dwell, relate, and interpret space. In his 1979 farewell lecture at the University of Tokyo, The Order of Space: Inside and Outside, Ashihara shifts our attention from walls and ceilings to something more intimate: the threshold.