The Architectures of Innovation: How America’s Future Hinges on a Global Brain Trust

Late in the summer of 2022, when President Joe Biden signed the CHIPS and Science Act into law, he did so amid a swirl of urgent questions about America’s shrinking technological edge and the global competition for talent. The legislation, which authorized \$53 billion to rejuvenate the sagging U.S. semiconductor industry, also promised to double the National Science Foundation’s (NSF) budget over 5 years—an unprecedented commitment to science and technology on U.S. soil.