Suggested Readings

Woman with wax tablets and stylus (so-called "Sappho"), Naples Archeological Museum

A Stoic work of art? Most of the teachings we have from the ancient Stoics are from three Romans: Seneca, Epictetus, and Marcus Aurelius. As the Stoics were primarily concerned with the development of virtue, art (or aesthetics) was not a frequent or well-developed topic (at least in the writings we have). Seneca does briefly describe art as the “imitation of nature.” He also makes clear in his letters to Lucilius...