The planetary boundaries in 2023

The planetary boundaries were first formulated by the Stockholm Resilience Centre in 2009, as an answer to the question of whether or not nature had any identifiable limits that we couldn’t exceed. The idea of ‘limits to growth‘ has been both influential and controversial, and the planetary boundaries attempted to draw up a definitive list of thresholds that couldn’t be safely exceeded.

It was a pioneering project that gave us some new ways of thinking about sustainability, including providi...