Hard vs. soft magic systems in popular SF

In today’s guest column, space opera author Luke T. Barnett joins us to talk magic systems in science fiction and fantasy, illustrating the difference between hard and soft magic systems with examples from popular SF books and films.

Every science fiction and fantasy franchise has its magic system. We’ve all seen the films: Lord of the Rings, Star Wars, Star Trek. Whether it’s advanced technology, natural species’ abilities, or literal magic, each story handles it differently.

But what...