When greater competence means higher costs, greater competence will not always be preferable. We should not send a boy to do a man’s job, as the old saying has it; neither should we send a man to do a boy’s job. A system that guarantees competence can easily become a system that forces people to pay for more than they really want or require. A pretended dedication to public safety or consumer protection, by business firms even more than craft unions, has often functioned as the justification for government-enforced restrictions on competition.