AI & Human Emotion Recognition | Is it Inherently Flawed?
AI & Human Emotion Recognition | Is it Inherently Flawed?
Vicar Sayeedi
April 29, 2021
Given the alarming proliferation of Facial and Emotion Recognition Artificial Intelligence Agents across the world, the scientific community has issued a blunt warning that AI is actually misreading human emotion. The scientists are stating quite emphatically that there simply isn’t any convincing, credible evidence that our facial expressions or micro expressions reveal our true feelings. But this hasn’t stopped the largest technology companies from charging ahead with the development of these systems and selling them widely for various applications.
The Emotion Recognition technology underlying these systems is based upon a highly controversial hypothesis: a belief that all humans exhibit a small number of universal emotions – known as affects – that are innate to our species and are uniform across society and the world. For more than half a century, this claim has remained contentious amongst scholars of anthropology, psychology and technology. But despite the widely disputed scientific underpinnings, AI-enabled Emotion Recognition has emerged as a rapidly growing market and is expected to generate nearly $56 billion in sales by 2024.
Today, AI-enabled Emotion Recognition technology can be found embedded within educational institutions, employment screening processes, law enforcement systems that predict potential for violence as well as in national-security systems deployed at major transportation hubs. But the underlying principle upon which this technology is based – the claim that an individual’s emotional state can be gauged simply by analyzing their facial expressions – remains unsubstantiated. In fact, a recent comprehensive scholarly review of the available scientific literature on the subject concluded that there is no reliable evidence that these systems can accurately predict a person’s emotional state.
As previously mentioned, Big Tech continues to develop these AI-enabled systems and their customers continue to deploy them. Emotion Recognition systems are now recognized by many government authorities as an essential tool in state security and as very lucrative by their designers. These Big Tech firms have accumulated staggering volumes of images of people’s faces and expressions by scraping social media sites including Facebook, Instagram, TikTok and many others, and as is the case with Facial Recognition technology, Emotion Recognition capabilities have also been integrated into these platforms.
As mentioned above, AI enabled Emotion Recognition systems are now in use in various industrial contexts as well as in state security functions. For example, the company, HireVue has many blue chip corporations as clients for its AI Agent, an Emotion Recognition system that claims to assess a candidate’s suitability for a job. In 2014, HireVue unveiled its AI system that purportedly collected facial micro-expressions, tone of voice and other key attributes from videos of candidates during job interviews, which it then used to compare against the attributes of a particular company’s best performing staff. HireVue and its technology have faced a great deal of criticism from many quarters including from academics and civil-rights activists so earlier this year they agreed to discontinue the use of their Emotion Recognition technology. However, the company has retained their vocal tone analysis capability as a candidate assessment tool.
Five years ago, Apple acquired their own Emotion Recognition firm, a start-up called Emotient that also claims to have developed an AI-enabled system that is capable of detecting emotions from images of faces. But the largest designer of these Emotion Recognition systems may be Affectiva, a company based in Boston that emerged from academic research performed at the nearby Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Affectiva has now implemented several AI-enabled Emotion Recognition applications using deep-learning neural networks. Affectiva now claims its systems can accurately identify distracted or at risk drivers on roads and highways and can also measure people’s emotional response to various advertisements. Affectiva is also believed to have assembled the world’s largest database of human facial expressions, a system that now contains more than ten million entries from nearly ninety countries.
Big Tech firms including Amazon, IBM and Microsoft are also active in designing AI-enabled Emotion Recognition systems. Microsoft’s Face application claims to be able to identify key emotions including anger, contempt, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise. Amazon’s offering, Rekognition, also claims that it can identify each of these seven key emotions. Each of these AI-enabled Emotion Recognition systems is based upon several common principles: first, that there are a small number of distinct and universal emotional categories; second, that people unwittingly reveal these emotions on their faces; and third, that these emotions can be accurately detected by AI. Within the firms involved in Emotion Detection, these principles are widely accepted as fact and no one questions them.
But this uniform approach to Emotion Detection remains deeply problematic because human emotions are complicated. They continue to evolve and change in response to culture and history. But today, applicants at companies appearing for job interviews are being judged because their facial expressions or vocal tones don’t match those of current top performing employees. Students are taken aside in schools because their faces appear to be angry, and shop customers are being questioned because their facial micro expressions indicate they may be up to no good. These are the people who will bear the burden of Emotion Detection systems based upon questionable science and technology. In summary, regulatory agencies around the world will need to step up to protect the society quickly before these Emotion Detection systems result in further harm to society.
Vicar Sayeedi is a Computer Scientist and Engineer, a Lecturer and a Consultant. Vicar is also the author of several books. His most recent book is about Artificial Intelligence and is titled, The Génome Affair.
Vicar is most interested in the big questions facing humankind. He is particularly focused on studying at the confluence of the five great disciplines of Human History, Political Science and Thought, International Affairs, Science and Technology. This intersection offers a deep understanding and pedagogically important lessons of how advances in human endeavor have influenced and impacted civilization.
Vicar has been writing books, essays and poetry for many years. For the past 30 years, Vicar has worked in the Technology and Pharmaceutical industries. He is currently a Consultant in the Life Sciences Industry and lives in suburban Chicago with his wife and their three grown children [if they decide to visit during the holidays!]
You can find Vicar’s recent book on AI, The Génome Affair on Amazon at this link:
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07YQ7M9Q7
The most recent episodes of Vicar’s ai & u! Podcast are on YouTube at the following links:
Episode 1 - https://youtu.be/yNYr28jtY_k
What is Artificial Intelligence? What is Human Intelligence?
Episode 2 - https://youtu.be/kAEgDNh1Nwc
How Did We Get Here? Machine Learning, Neural Networks & the AI Lexicon, Exciting AI Agents
Episode 3 - https://youtu.be/3PYCyv1pCgM
Deep Mind - How Powerful is Narrow AI? State Surveillance and Surveillance Capitalism
Episode 4 - https://youtu.be/WvobCMIM_H4
Impact on Societies That Possess Artificial Intelligence Versus Those that Do Not!
Episode 5 - https://youtu.be/4JVpvm4g79g
Surveillance Capitalism, Surveillance State, 4th Industrial Revolution, Bifurcation of Sapiens
Episode 6 - https://youtu.be/e1q2GgcWQok
AI, Blockchain & Quantum Computing - Implications for Global and National Governance
Episode 7 - https://youtu.be/4bDSUvrOdd4
Popular Perceptions of Intelligence, the Seat of Human Intelligence and Implications for AI
Episode 8 - https://youtu.be/3GjHqQZL7Pk
AI - Why Should I care? Plus Exciting Updates from Elon Musk and Neuralink!
Episode 9 - https://youtu.be/enpecqDecC8
AI - Excellence, Innovation & Genius
Episode 10 - https://youtu.be/UsriESlTjdA
Implications for AI as China and the West Decouple
Episode 11 - https://youtu.be/0CpaMb-yw3g
Artificial Intelligence: Ethics, Law & Society
Episode 12 - https://youtu.be/PLzodrLWMq0
AI & Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems
Episode 13 - https://youtu.be/Lm_nrNyJRbA
AI & the Future of Work in Industry 4.0 – the 4th Industrial Revolution
Episode 14 - https://youtu.be/_3E1Mhr_Dt8
Artificial Intelligence and its Implications for Authoritarianism and Democracy
Episode 15 - https://youtu.be/IpMUqHOEd7w
Artificial Intelligence, Consciousness & the Future of Homo Sapiens
Episode 16 - https://youtu.be/mIf7_VMzGKo
AI and its Implications for America's Political Environment
Episode 17 - https://youtu.be/gsMRPnovZGI
Special Episode: Reading From The Génome Affair
Episode 18 - https://youtu.be/UxNxtWDCREM
Artificial Intelligence - Digital Tyranny, Datocracy and the Imitation Game
Episode 19 - https://youtu.be/Db8U0QQWWuY
Does Artificial Intelligence Really Replicate Human Intelligence?
Episode 20 - https://youtu.be/Np18AEq-6DM
AI & Rising Geopolitical Tensions Between China & The West
Episode 21 - https://youtu.be/fOMSvNiixA0
AI & In-vitro Fertilization [IVF]
Episode 22 - https://youtu.be/EQPpRhIV6Kw
AI & Human Intelligence: A Complex Relationship
Episode 23 - https://youtu.be/EAbQ7stY7JQ
AI Upends the World of Structural Biology
Episode 24 - https://youtu.be/Bsb1F8uoBpA
AI & COVID-19: An Extraordinary Contribution
Episode 25 - https://youtu.be/PqL5PCRc8tA
AI, Connectomics & Transhumanism: the Future of Humankind
Episode 26 - https://youtu.be/HI8Zjl8VM8U
Dramatic Upheaval Inside Google's Ethical AI Team
Episode 27 - https://youtu.be/TqWwJYc2GxQ
AI & Cyber Espionage | How Will the Sunburst Attack Affect Our Security?
Episode 28 - https://youtu.be/89BcThqgcfQ
AI & the Rapidly Escalating Threat from Deep Fake Videos
Episode 29 - https://youtu.be/zvOHRMmJNB4
AI, Facial Recognition Technology & The Digital Surveillance State
Episode 30 - https://youtu.be/br4ygfEWdk0
AI & Social Media | The Most Destructive AI We've Ever Seen?
Episode 31 - https://youtu.be/sOy12ii8zwM
The Democratization of AI & The 2021 Maiflower Expedition | Plymouth, England to Plymouth, MA
Episode 32 - https://youtu.be/bixdLL74reE
Sino-American Cold War | A Blessing in Disguise for America?
Episode 33 - https://youtu.be/tTRm312DgMc
AI & the Tyranny of Meritocracy
Episode 34 - https://youtu.be/FpPzC5VP6GM
In the Midst of Chaos and Pandemic | A Big AI Announcement From the Trump Administration
Episode 35 - https://youtu.be/bK3xCBwrG8w
Artificial Super Intelligence – Can We Control It?
Episode 36 - https://youtu.be/Rc60DQ0L86Q
A New America | Hope with a Big Dose of Caution
Episode 37 - https://youtu.be/UBenYYHbYqM
Will AI [Science & Tech] Benefit From a New Cold War with China?
Episode 38 - https://youtu.be/JewJnPywnOU
Will AI Eventually Replace All Other Forms of Government?
Episode 39 - https://youtu.be/ibuJ8vozyqg
Will AI Perpetuate Bias in Employment, Health Systems, Law and Society?
Episode 40 - https://youtu.be/IJYbPfGC-08
AI | Will it be the Bain of Cyber Criminals?
Episode 41 - https://youtu.be/ozrO5_XTYKQ
AI | What Will it Mean for the Future of Work?
Episode 42 - https://youtu.be/kDKapDK-Vb0
AI | A Harbinger for the End of Democracy?
Episode 43 - https://youtu.be/7XeNyE8CA9I
AI & the Life Sciences | Developments in Connectomics & Radiology
Episode 44 - https://youtu.be/mWaPW_UolVo
AI & Geopolitics | Critical Strategic Planning in the Age of China
Episode 45 - https://youtu.be/qOSOc3vJRBk
AI & Humankind | What Might the Future Hold?
Episode 46 - https://youtu.be/atMSV1WAFkg
AI Enabled Surveillance | An Important Tool to Contain Dangerous Personality Traits?
Episode 47 - https://youtu.be/kz7-EDmlGXc
Will AI Favor Authoritarianism or Democracy?
Episode 48 - https://youtu.be/uTvKWQgdOaI
AI | A Key Enabler of Universal Basic Income?
Episode 49 - https://youtu.be/sy48Xqo-3qM
AI & The Future of Government, Industry, Markets &Trade
Episode 50 - https://youtu.be/JU1oGzb5TS0
AI & Surveillance | America’s New Strategy in the Middle East
Episode 51 - https://youtu.be/nOCQjUxLWJY
AI-Enabled Global Government | An Idea Whose Time Has Come?
Episode 52 - https://youtu.be/g1VJqiI3HyE
AI & Healthcare | What Will the Future Look Like? Will it be More Equitable?
Episode 53 - https://youtu.be/ie9KAg_kF7Q
AI & Surveillance | The Ethical Dilemma of Facial Recognition Software
Episode 54 - https://youtu.be/ie9KAg_kF7Q
AI & Regulation | Europe is Leading the Way
Episode 55 - https://youtu.be/l-gcYTZMsm8
AI & Consciousness | Will Machines Soon be Sentient?
Episode 56 - https://youtu.be/-8BaouCn9cs
AI & Regulation | Europe Announces New Rules
Episode 57 - https://youtu.be/243zm7aHImQ
AI & Human Emotion Recognition | Is it Inherently Flawed?
Vicar Sayeedi
April 29, 2021
Given the alarming proliferation of Facial and Emotion Recognition Artificial Intelligence Agents across the world, the scientific community has issued a blunt warning that AI is actually misreading human emotion. The scientists are stating quite emphatically that there simply isn’t any convincing, credible evidence that our facial expressions or micro expressions reveal our true feelings. But this hasn’t stopped the largest technology companies from charging ahead with the development of these systems and selling them widely for various applications.
The Emotion Recognition technology underlying these systems is based upon a highly controversial hypothesis: a belief that all humans exhibit a small number of universal emotions – known as affects – that are innate to our species and are uniform across society and the world. For more than half a century, this claim has remained contentious amongst scholars of anthropology, psychology and technology. But despite the widely disputed scientific underpinnings, AI-enabled Emotion Recognition has emerged as a rapidly growing market and is expected to generate nearly $56 billion in sales by 2024.
Today, AI-enabled Emotion Recognition technology can be found embedded within educational institutions, employment screening processes, law enforcement systems that predict potential for violence as well as in national-security systems deployed at major transportation hubs. But the underlying principle upon which this technology is based – the claim that an individual’s emotional state can be gauged simply by analyzing their facial expressions – remains unsubstantiated. In fact, a recent comprehensive scholarly review of the available scientific literature on the subject concluded that there is no reliable evidence that these systems can accurately predict a person’s emotional state.
As previously mentioned, Big Tech continues to develop these AI-enabled systems and their customers continue to deploy them. Emotion Recognition systems are now recognized by many government authorities as an essential tool in state security and as very lucrative by their designers. These Big Tech firms have accumulated staggering volumes of images of people’s faces and expressions by scraping social media sites including Facebook, Instagram, TikTok and many others, and as is the case with Facial Recognition technology, Emotion Recognition capabilities have also been integrated into these platforms.
As mentioned above, AI enabled Emotion Recognition systems are now in use in various industrial contexts as well as in state security functions. For example, the company, HireVue has many blue chip corporations as clients for its AI Agent, an Emotion Recognition system that claims to assess a candidate’s suitability for a job. In 2014, HireVue unveiled its AI system that purportedly collected facial micro-expressions, tone of voice and other key attributes from videos of candidates during job interviews, which it then used to compare against the attributes of a particular company’s best performing staff. HireVue and its technology have faced a great deal of criticism from many quarters including from academics and civil-rights activists so earlier this year they agreed to discontinue the use of their Emotion Recognition technology. However, the company has retained their vocal tone analysis capability as a candidate assessment tool.
Five years ago, Apple acquired their own Emotion Recognition firm, a start-up called Emotient that also claims to have developed an AI-enabled system that is capable of detecting emotions from images of faces. But the largest designer of these Emotion Recognition systems may be Affectiva, a company based in Boston that emerged from academic research performed at the nearby Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Affectiva has now implemented several AI-enabled Emotion Recognition applications using deep-learning neural networks. Affectiva now claims its systems can accurately identify distracted or at risk drivers on roads and highways and can also measure people’s emotional response to various advertisements. Affectiva is also believed to have assembled the world’s largest database of human facial expressions, a system that now contains more than ten million entries from nearly ninety countries.
Big Tech firms including Amazon, IBM and Microsoft are also active in designing AI-enabled Emotion Recognition systems. Microsoft’s Face application claims to be able to identify key emotions including anger, contempt, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise. Amazon’s offering, Rekognition, also claims that it can identify each of these seven key emotions. Each of these AI-enabled Emotion Recognition systems is based upon several common principles: first, that there are a small number of distinct and universal emotional categories; second, that people unwittingly reveal these emotions on their faces; and third, that these emotions can be accurately detected by AI. Within the firms involved in Emotion Detection, these principles are widely accepted as fact and no one questions them.
But this uniform approach to Emotion Detection remains deeply problematic because human emotions are complicated. They continue to evolve and change in response to culture and history. But today, applicants at companies appearing for job interviews are being judged because their facial expressions or vocal tones don’t match those of current top performing employees. Students are taken aside in schools because their faces appear to be angry, and shop customers are being questioned because their facial micro expressions indicate they may be up to no good. These are the people who will bear the burden of Emotion Detection systems based upon questionable science and technology. In summary, regulatory agencies around the world will need to step up to protect the society quickly before these Emotion Detection systems result in further harm to society.
Vicar Sayeedi is a Computer Scientist and Engineer, a Lecturer and a Consultant. Vicar is also the author of several books. His most recent book is about Artificial Intelligence and is titled, The Génome Affair.
Vicar is most interested in the big questions facing humankind. He is particularly focused on studying at the confluence of the five great disciplines of Human History, Political Science and Thought, International Affairs, Science and Technology. This intersection offers a deep understanding and pedagogically important lessons of how advances in human endeavor have influenced and impacted civilization.
Vicar has been writing books, essays and poetry for many years. For the past 30 years, Vicar has worked in the Technology and Pharmaceutical industries. He is currently a Consultant in the Life Sciences Industry and lives in suburban Chicago with his wife and their three grown children [if they decide to visit during the holidays!]
You can find Vicar’s recent book on AI, The Génome Affair on Amazon at this link:
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07YQ7M9Q7
The most recent episodes of Vicar’s ai & u! Podcast are on YouTube at the following links:
Episode 1 - https://youtu.be/yNYr28jtY_k
What is Artificial Intelligence? What is Human Intelligence?
Episode 2 - https://youtu.be/kAEgDNh1Nwc
How Did We Get Here? Machine Learning, Neural Networks & the AI Lexicon, Exciting AI Agents
Episode 3 - https://youtu.be/3PYCyv1pCgM
Deep Mind - How Powerful is Narrow AI? State Surveillance and Surveillance Capitalism
Episode 4 - https://youtu.be/WvobCMIM_H4
Impact on Societies That Possess Artificial Intelligence Versus Those that Do Not!
Episode 5 - https://youtu.be/4JVpvm4g79g
Surveillance Capitalism, Surveillance State, 4th Industrial Revolution, Bifurcation of Sapiens
Episode 6 - https://youtu.be/e1q2GgcWQok
AI, Blockchain & Quantum Computing - Implications for Global and National Governance
Episode 7 - https://youtu.be/4bDSUvrOdd4
Popular Perceptions of Intelligence, the Seat of Human Intelligence and Implications for AI
Episode 8 - https://youtu.be/3GjHqQZL7Pk
AI - Why Should I care? Plus Exciting Updates from Elon Musk and Neuralink!
Episode 9 - https://youtu.be/enpecqDecC8
AI - Excellence, Innovation & Genius
Episode 10 - https://youtu.be/UsriESlTjdA
Implications for AI as China and the West Decouple
Episode 11 - https://youtu.be/0CpaMb-yw3g
Artificial Intelligence: Ethics, Law & Society
Episode 12 - https://youtu.be/PLzodrLWMq0
AI & Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems
Episode 13 - https://youtu.be/Lm_nrNyJRbA
AI & the Future of Work in Industry 4.0 – the 4th Industrial Revolution
Episode 14 - https://youtu.be/_3E1Mhr_Dt8
Artificial Intelligence and its Implications for Authoritarianism and Democracy
Episode 15 - https://youtu.be/IpMUqHOEd7w
Artificial Intelligence, Consciousness & the Future of Homo Sapiens
Episode 16 - https://youtu.be/mIf7_VMzGKo
AI and its Implications for America's Political Environment
Episode 17 - https://youtu.be/gsMRPnovZGI
Special Episode: Reading From The Génome Affair
Episode 18 - https://youtu.be/UxNxtWDCREM
Artificial Intelligence - Digital Tyranny, Datocracy and the Imitation Game
Episode 19 - https://youtu.be/Db8U0QQWWuY
Does Artificial Intelligence Really Replicate Human Intelligence?
Episode 20 - https://youtu.be/Np18AEq-6DM
AI & Rising Geopolitical Tensions Between China & The West
Episode 21 - https://youtu.be/fOMSvNiixA0
AI & In-vitro Fertilization [IVF]
Episode 22 - https://youtu.be/EQPpRhIV6Kw
AI & Human Intelligence: A Complex Relationship
Episode 23 - https://youtu.be/EAbQ7stY7JQ
AI Upends the World of Structural Biology
Episode 24 - https://youtu.be/Bsb1F8uoBpA
AI & COVID-19: An Extraordinary Contribution
Episode 25 - https://youtu.be/PqL5PCRc8tA
AI, Connectomics & Transhumanism: the Future of Humankind
Episode 26 - https://youtu.be/HI8Zjl8VM8U
Dramatic Upheaval Inside Google's Ethical AI Team
Episode 27 - https://youtu.be/TqWwJYc2GxQ
AI & Cyber Espionage | How Will the Sunburst Attack Affect Our Security?
Episode 28 - https://youtu.be/89BcThqgcfQ
AI & the Rapidly Escalating Threat from Deep Fake Videos
Episode 29 - https://youtu.be/zvOHRMmJNB4
AI, Facial Recognition Technology & The Digital Surveillance State
Episode 30 - https://youtu.be/br4ygfEWdk0
AI & Social Media | The Most Destructive AI We've Ever Seen?
Episode 31 - https://youtu.be/sOy12ii8zwM
The Democratization of AI & The 2021 Maiflower Expedition | Plymouth, England to Plymouth, MA
Episode 32 - https://youtu.be/bixdLL74reE
Sino-American Cold War | A Blessing in Disguise for America?
Episode 33 - https://youtu.be/tTRm312DgMc
AI & the Tyranny of Meritocracy
Episode 34 - https://youtu.be/FpPzC5VP6GM
In the Midst of Chaos and Pandemic | A Big AI Announcement From the Trump Administration
Episode 35 - https://youtu.be/bK3xCBwrG8w
Artificial Super Intelligence – Can We Control It?
Episode 36 - https://youtu.be/Rc60DQ0L86Q
A New America | Hope with a Big Dose of Caution
Episode 37 - https://youtu.be/UBenYYHbYqM
Will AI [Science & Tech] Benefit From a New Cold War with China?
Episode 38 - https://youtu.be/JewJnPywnOU
Will AI Eventually Replace All Other Forms of Government?
Episode 39 - https://youtu.be/ibuJ8vozyqg
Will AI Perpetuate Bias in Employment, Health Systems, Law and Society?
Episode 40 - https://youtu.be/IJYbPfGC-08
AI | Will it be the Bain of Cyber Criminals?
Episode 41 - https://youtu.be/ozrO5_XTYKQ
AI | What Will it Mean for the Future of Work?
Episode 42 - https://youtu.be/kDKapDK-Vb0
AI | A Harbinger for the End of Democracy?
Episode 43 - https://youtu.be/7XeNyE8CA9I
AI & the Life Sciences | Developments in Connectomics & Radiology
Episode 44 - https://youtu.be/mWaPW_UolVo
AI & Geopolitics | Critical Strategic Planning in the Age of China
Episode 45 - https://youtu.be/qOSOc3vJRBk
AI & Humankind | What Might the Future Hold?
Episode 46 - https://youtu.be/atMSV1WAFkg
AI Enabled Surveillance | An Important Tool to Contain Dangerous Personality Traits?
Episode 47 - https://youtu.be/kz7-EDmlGXc
Will AI Favor Authoritarianism or Democracy?
Episode 48 - https://youtu.be/uTvKWQgdOaI
AI | A Key Enabler of Universal Basic Income?
Episode 49 - https://youtu.be/sy48Xqo-3qM
AI & The Future of Government, Industry, Markets &Trade
Episode 50 - https://youtu.be/JU1oGzb5TS0
AI & Surveillance | America’s New Strategy in the Middle East
Episode 51 - https://youtu.be/nOCQjUxLWJY
AI-Enabled Global Government | An Idea Whose Time Has Come?
Episode 52 - https://youtu.be/g1VJqiI3HyE
AI & Healthcare | What Will the Future Look Like? Will it be More Equitable?
Episode 53 - https://youtu.be/ie9KAg_kF7Q
AI & Surveillance | The Ethical Dilemma of Facial Recognition Software
Episode 54 - https://youtu.be/ie9KAg_kF7Q
AI & Regulation | Europe is Leading the Way
Episode 55 - https://youtu.be/l-gcYTZMsm8
AI & Consciousness | Will Machines Soon be Sentient?
Episode 56 - https://youtu.be/-8BaouCn9cs
AI & Regulation | Europe Announces New Rules
Episode 57 - https://youtu.be/243zm7aHImQ
AI & Human Emotion Recognition | Is it Inherently Flawed?
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