The language of wolves

According to the rumor mill, the wolves of New England lurked at the forest’s edge, howling to rally their kind for attacks on human beings. Actually, when wolves howl they are communicating with other wolves, and. They are letting fellow wolves know where they are. To wolves of their own group, the howl says “come,” and to wolves of other groups it says “keep your distance.” But most European invaders assumed that wolf howls were directed at them—as if the wolves were shouting death-threats against humanity.
War and Peace with the Beasts: A History of Our Relationships with Animals