4 types of hierarchies (Gontier 2017)

4 types of hierarchies (Gontier 2017)

In this great article, 

Gontier, N. (2017). What are the levels and mechanisms/processes of language evolution? Language Sciences, 63(September), 12-43. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2017.05.002

...in looking at Language, in the light of Applied Evolutionary Epistemology, Gontier rightly notes 4 types of hierarchies: (1) Aggregational, (2) Linear, (3) Constitutive/Embedded/Nested hierarchy (functional arrangement), and (4) Interactional hierarchy or hierarchies (like in networks).

Here is a Table, from that great (2017) article:

And so, I want you to think of those 4 different kinds of hierarchies... (As, I know I will be. They're great! What's not to like?)
Also, I suggest, here are some others, to think about: (as I have been thinking about them. So why not you too?)A hierarchy–groups of units, in ranked (or graded) levels of power. Examples include: a military chain of command; corporate organizational structures; animal group/herd/flock/pack social structures; feudal society; caste systems.A HOLARCHY/partarchy –a set of nested wholes and parts (simultaneously), and governed by the Three Laws of HOLON/partons. Examples include: biological organisms in an environment; external culture (e-memes) such as: books; songs; languages, etc A heterarchy–(1) in the Information and Social Sciences, a network where all agents (units) have equal agency or power; (2) in Biological taxonomy: a species which shares a common ancestor with a different family.A homoarchy–a hierarchy that can be ranked in only one way; the opposite of heterarchyThere is also one conception of `nested hierarchy’ in evolution (in phylogeny) that refers to a family of descent, or common ancestry. 
In short, there's a lot of types of hierarchies, to think about. 
And it affects: evolution. 
Both biological, and cultural.

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 Well, that's about all we have time for, folks.


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Dr J T Velikovsky Ph.D

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