SHUNGA DYNASTY AND ITS HELLENISTIC CONNECTION
Η ΔΥΝΑΣΤΕΙΑ SHUNGA ΚΑΙ Η ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΤΙΚΗ ΣΥΣΧΕΤΙΣΗ
The Shunga kingdom (BRITTANICA)
Magadha was the nucleus of the Shunga kingdom, which succeeded the Mauryan. The kingdom extended westward to include Ujjain and Vidisha. The Shungas came into conflict with Vidarbha and with the Yavanas, who probably were Bactrian Greeks attempting to move into the Ganges valley. (The word yavana derives from the Prakrit yona, suggesting that the Ionians were the first Greeks with whom the Persians and Indians came into contact. In later centuries the name Yavana was applied to all peoples coming from western Asia and the Mediterranean region, which included the Romans, Persians, and Arabs.) The Shunga dynasty lasted for about one century and was then overthrown by the Brahman minister Vasudeva, who founded the Kanva dynasty, which lasted 45 years and following which the Magadha area was of greatly diminished importance until the 4th century CE.
ΧΑΝΔΡΑ ΑΠΟ ΠΕΡΙΔΕΡΑΙΟ ΚΑΙ ΚΡΕΜΑΣΤΟ ΚΟΣΜΗΜΑ ΜΕ ΤΟ ΣΧΗΜΑ ΤΟΥ ΕΙΟΙΩΝΟΥ ΣΥΜΒΟΛΟΥ (https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1973... Necklace Bead and Pair of Pendants in the Shape of an Auspicious Symbol, c. 150 BC Uttar Pradesh ή Madhya Pradesh, Shunga period (187-78 BC, John L. Severance Fund 1973.66)
These exceptionally fine pieces of gold jewelry would have been strung on a necklace. The auspicious symbols on either side of the egg-shaped bead are in the form of full blown lotus flowers with the seed pods carefully detailed, and trident-shaped forms decorated with stylized palmette motifs emanate down from the lotuses.
Αυτά τα εξαιρετικά ωραία χρυσά κοσμήματα αρχικώς απο-τελούσαν μέρη περιδεραίου. Τα ευοίωνο σύμβολα και στά δύο άκρα της ωοειδούς χάνδρας διαθέτουν την μορφή των πλήρως ανεπτυγμένων ανθέων λωτού με τους σπόρους να απεικονίζονται με μεγάλη λεπτομέρεια και εικόνες triratna - τρίαινας σε φυτικό ύφος ...Ερώτημα: ποιός κατασκεύασε αυτά τα αριστουργήματα διαθέτοντας την καλλιτεχνική αρτιότητα αλλά και την γνώση της τεχνικής repoussee και κοκκιδώσεως? Την απάντηση δίδει η Sengupta, Arputha Rani υποστηρίζοντας την ύπαρξη τέχνης Greco-Buddhist ‘Sunga’ !Αυτά τα εξαιρετικά ωραία χρυσά κοσμήματα αρχικώς αποτελούσαν μέρη περιδεραίου. Τα ευοίωνο σύμβολα και στά δύο άκρα της ωοειδούς χάνδρας διαθέτουν την μορφή των πλήρως ανεπτυγμένων ανθέων λωτού με τους σπόρους να απεικονίζονται με μεγάλη λεπτομέρεια και εικόνες triratna - τρίαινας σε φυτικό ύφος ... ΑΝΑΦΟΡΕΣ: Sengupta, Arputha Rani. Buddhist Jewels in Mortuary Cult: Magic Symbols. Delhi: Agam Kala Prakashan, 2019. Reproduced: Vol. 1, P. 28, fig. 1.46; Vol. 2, P. 520, fig. a; Mentioned: Vol. 1, P. 25
Yaksa / Άτλας που κρατά το κιγκλίδωμα με κορινθιακές στήλες, Madhya Pradesh (?), Περίοδος Shunga (2ος-1ος αιώνας π.Χ.), Musee Guimet.
Ac. Nr. MMA 1981.398.3–.4, 1st c. BC, The Flame and the Lotus: Indian and Southeast Asian Art from the Kronos , p. 20,
Hinged Armlet, 1st c. Sirkap, MMA 1987.142.291
Pair of Ear Plugs with Hamsas (Wild Geese), 1st c., Gandhara, MMA 1987.142.291 & 1987.142.290a, b
Pendant With ShriPendant with Shri, circa 100s. A conflation of local and Hellenistic divinities, this goddess exemplifies abundance and prosperity. Like Tyche, she holds a cornucopia, overflowing with fruits and bounty, but it is in the form of a lotus flower, associated with the local Indian goddess of good fortune, Shri. To further emphasize this association, she holds a lotus flower in her right hand as well. Creator Godefroid de Huy (Netherlandish), circle of. (Photo by Heritage Arts/Heritage Images via Getty Images, https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/ne...)
ΒΙΒΛΙΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ
The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978. (Reproduced: p. 286 archive.org)
The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991. (Reproduced: p. 11 archive.org)
Sengupta, Arputha Rani. Buddhist Jewels in Mortuary Cult: Magic Symbols. Delhi: Agam Kala Prakashan, 2019. Reproduced: Vol. 1, P. 28, fig. 1.46; Vol. 2, P. 520, fig. a; Mentioned: Vol. 1, P. 25
The Shunga kingdom (BRITTANICA)
Magadha was the nucleus of the Shunga kingdom, which succeeded the Mauryan. The kingdom extended westward to include Ujjain and Vidisha. The Shungas came into conflict with Vidarbha and with the Yavanas, who probably were Bactrian Greeks attempting to move into the Ganges valley. (The word yavana derives from the Prakrit yona, suggesting that the Ionians were the first Greeks with whom the Persians and Indians came into contact. In later centuries the name Yavana was applied to all peoples coming from western Asia and the Mediterranean region, which included the Romans, Persians, and Arabs.) The Shunga dynasty lasted for about one century and was then overthrown by the Brahman minister Vasudeva, who founded the Kanva dynasty, which lasted 45 years and following which the Magadha area was of greatly diminished importance until the 4th century CE.
ΧΑΝΔΡΑ ΑΠΟ ΠΕΡΙΔΕΡΑΙΟ ΚΑΙ ΚΡΕΜΑΣΤΟ ΚΟΣΜΗΜΑ ΜΕ ΤΟ ΣΧΗΜΑ ΤΟΥ ΕΙΟΙΩΝΟΥ ΣΥΜΒΟΛΟΥ (https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1973... Necklace Bead and Pair of Pendants in the Shape of an Auspicious Symbol, c. 150 BC Uttar Pradesh ή Madhya Pradesh, Shunga period (187-78 BC, John L. Severance Fund 1973.66)These exceptionally fine pieces of gold jewelry would have been strung on a necklace. The auspicious symbols on either side of the egg-shaped bead are in the form of full blown lotus flowers with the seed pods carefully detailed, and trident-shaped forms decorated with stylized palmette motifs emanate down from the lotuses.
Αυτά τα εξαιρετικά ωραία χρυσά κοσμήματα αρχικώς απο-τελούσαν μέρη περιδεραίου. Τα ευοίωνο σύμβολα και στά δύο άκρα της ωοειδούς χάνδρας διαθέτουν την μορφή των πλήρως ανεπτυγμένων ανθέων λωτού με τους σπόρους να απεικονίζονται με μεγάλη λεπτομέρεια και εικόνες triratna - τρίαινας σε φυτικό ύφος ...Ερώτημα: ποιός κατασκεύασε αυτά τα αριστουργήματα διαθέτοντας την καλλιτεχνική αρτιότητα αλλά και την γνώση της τεχνικής repoussee και κοκκιδώσεως? Την απάντηση δίδει η Sengupta, Arputha Rani υποστηρίζοντας την ύπαρξη τέχνης Greco-Buddhist ‘Sunga’ !Αυτά τα εξαιρετικά ωραία χρυσά κοσμήματα αρχικώς αποτελούσαν μέρη περιδεραίου. Τα ευοίωνο σύμβολα και στά δύο άκρα της ωοειδούς χάνδρας διαθέτουν την μορφή των πλήρως ανεπτυγμένων ανθέων λωτού με τους σπόρους να απεικονίζονται με μεγάλη λεπτομέρεια και εικόνες triratna - τρίαινας σε φυτικό ύφος ... ΑΝΑΦΟΡΕΣ: Sengupta, Arputha Rani. Buddhist Jewels in Mortuary Cult: Magic Symbols. Delhi: Agam Kala Prakashan, 2019. Reproduced: Vol. 1, P. 28, fig. 1.46; Vol. 2, P. 520, fig. a; Mentioned: Vol. 1, P. 25
Yaksa / Άτλας που κρατά το κιγκλίδωμα με κορινθιακές στήλες, Madhya Pradesh (?), Περίοδος Shunga (2ος-1ος αιώνας π.Χ.), Musee Guimet.
Ac. Nr. MMA 1981.398.3–.4, 1st c. BC, The Flame and the Lotus: Indian and Southeast Asian Art from the Kronos , p. 20,
Hinged Armlet, 1st c. Sirkap, MMA 1987.142.291
Pair of Ear Plugs with Hamsas (Wild Geese), 1st c., Gandhara, MMA 1987.142.291 & 1987.142.290a, b
Pendant With ShriPendant with Shri, circa 100s. A conflation of local and Hellenistic divinities, this goddess exemplifies abundance and prosperity. Like Tyche, she holds a cornucopia, overflowing with fruits and bounty, but it is in the form of a lotus flower, associated with the local Indian goddess of good fortune, Shri. To further emphasize this association, she holds a lotus flower in her right hand as well. Creator Godefroid de Huy (Netherlandish), circle of. (Photo by Heritage Arts/Heritage Images via Getty Images, https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/ne...)
ΒΙΒΛΙΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ
The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978. (Reproduced: p. 286 archive.org)
The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991. (Reproduced: p. 11 archive.org)
Sengupta, Arputha Rani. Buddhist Jewels in Mortuary Cult: Magic Symbols. Delhi: Agam Kala Prakashan, 2019. Reproduced: Vol. 1, P. 28, fig. 1.46; Vol. 2, P. 520, fig. a; Mentioned: Vol. 1, P. 25
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