Revision 5.1 “The Emergence of Classical Arabic Civilization”

    Classical Arabic Civilization The late Marshall G. S. Hodgson, one of the greatest Western stu­dents of Islam of the past century, developed an outline of Islamic his­tory that I find very helpful.[1] In it, he distinguishes seven different periods. Let me summarize them here. First, Hodgson states, there was the “Pre-Islamic Period.” It […]