Both Irenaeus and Philo saw a spiritual or philosophical reason behind the number, and Philo wrote before the Book of Revelation was even written. They agreed that the following ideas were related to the number.
6 - Days of creation
60 - The mean, 600 divided by 10 is sixty, or 60 and 6 cubits (Dan 3:1)
600 - Noah's flood, Noah was 600 years old when the flood began (Gen 7:11).
Punishment of the wicked, the idea of Judgement.