What is this number exactly?

I first noticed this metal plaque with a series or numbers on the door of my grandmother's house when I went visiting. Suddenly it was on every door in her area!

What is it exactly? Some sort of bar code for the houses of Kuwait? How exactly is it going to improve our lives? Will it be used in some kind of program to locate houses, like the GPS for example? Will it -hopefully- be a way to refer to house address so we could finally get mail delivered directly to our places like everyone else on planet earth? Is it for the human counting population thing which I don't even know the name of in English?

Well what is it? Curiosity is gnawing inside me! Does anyone know?