Volcanic Eruptions On Mars Used To Explode Through Ancient Ice Sheets

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Eyjafjallajökull in 2010. Lava fissures pumped magma into and through a mixture of frigid water and ice. Etienne De Malglaive/Gettyimages

Volcanoes are many things: spectacular, terrifying, gargantuan, and enigmatic. They free us from ice ages, destroy civilizations and build new islands from the sea as we watch.