Stephen W. Hiemstra's Blog, page 8

July 18, 2025

Introducción a Hechos

Imagen_del_Espiritu_Santo_y_la_Iglesia


También a mí me ha parecido conveniente, 


después de haberlo investigado todo con diligencia desde el principio, 


escribírtelas ordenadamente, excelentísimo Teófilo,


(Luke 1:3)


Por Stephen W. Hiemstra


La historia de la iglesia primitiva está narrada más extensamente por Lucas, quien era griego, médico de profesión y compañero de Pablo (Col. 4:14). Lucas no estaba entre los doce discípulos originales y escribió como un periodista moderno. Los eruditos modernos creen que el Evangelio de Marcos es el más antiguo y que el Evangelio de Lucas se basa en gran medida en Marcos como fuente, junto con sus propias entrevistas. Esto tiene sentido porque Lucas conocía bien a Marcos, quien sirvió como amanuense (escriba o secretario) del apóstol Pedro y más tarde se cree que viajó con Lucas y Pablo contando la historia de Jesús (2 Tim 4:11). También se cree que Lucas habló extensamente con María, la madre de Jesús.


Las numerosas referencias de Lucas al Espíritu Santo distinguen su Evangelio. 


Lucas mencionó al Espíritu Santo más del doble de veces que cualquier otro evangelista, ⁠1y el libro de los Hechos lo cita incluso con mayor frecuencia.⁠2


Un pasaje clave en Lucas es uno de los primeros: 


“Entonces María dijo al ángel: ¿Cómo será esto, puesto que soy virgen? El ángel le respondió: El Espíritu Santo vendrá sobre ti, y el poder del Altísimo te cubrirá con su sombra; por eso el Niño que nacerá será llamado Hijo de Dios. ” (Lucas 1:34-35)


Si la concepción de Jesús es del Espíritu Santo, entonces todo lo que sigue también lo es (Mt 1,18).


Los escritos de Lucas prestan especial atención al papel de las mujeres en el ministerio de Jesús, su entorno y su apoyo financiero (Lucas 8:3, Sproul 2005, 14). Sólo en Lucas oímos hablar de Isabel, prima de María y madre de Juan el Bautista (Lucas 1) o de Ana la profetisa (Lucas 2:36-37). ¿Quién, sino la propia Madre María, podría contar la historia de su conversación con un ángel? (Lucas 1)


El Evangelio de Lucas sirve como prólogo al Libro de los Hechos que se centra en la persona de Jesús. El ministerio errante de Jesús comienza con las tentaciones en el desierto (Lucas 4:1-13) que se asemejan a las tentaciones del pueblo de Israel durante su estancia en el desierto (Wright 2004, 43). Al menos tres aspectos del ministerio de Jesús resaltan el papel del Espíritu Santo: El ministerio errante, las curaciones y exorcismos de Jesús, y la interpretación de la ley por parte de Jesús.


Ministerio Errante

El ministerio viajero de Jesús es paralelo al peregrinar de Abram y al peregrinar posterior del pueblo de Israel durante su tiempo en el desierto. Para Abram y el pueblo de Israel, este peregrinar es formativo y les enseña a confiar en Dios. Para los discípulos de Jesús, el ministerio itinerante cumple la misma función formativa, proporcionando espacio en sus vidas para la obra del Espíritu Santo.


Lucas, cuyo propósito al escribir es más analítico que el de los otros escritores del Evangelio, puede haber entendido realmente este punto. Darrell Bock (1996, 146) observa:


“La unidad en Lucas se divide claramente: una introducción (4:31-32), un exorcismo (4:33-37), la curación de la suegra de Simón (4:38-39), otro encuentro con un demonio (4:40-41), y una declaración de misión final (4:42-44). Tres relatos de milagros dominan esta descripción de la actividad de Jesús…Marcos tiende a centrarse en los milagros en sí, mientras que Lucas equilibra su retrato entre la enseñanza, el exorcismo y la curación. Para Lucas las palabras y los hechos van juntos.”


Si la cabeza y el corazón deben unirse para formar e informar nuestra fe, entonces se requiere tiempo para unir las ideas con las acciones. Caminar y observar a un maestro en acción no sólo es un método de enseñanza eficaz, sino que permite que el Espíritu Santo trabaje en el corazón y en la mente de uno.


El ministerio errante de Jesús, como los viajes misioneros de hoy, probablemente benefició la fe de los discípulos al menos tanto como la de aquellos a quienes sirvió.


Curaciones y Exorcismos

Jesús fue el primer médico misionero. Más que eso, sus curaciones milagrosas y exorcismos acreditaron su afirmación de ser el hijo de Dios porque apuntan más allá del mundo natural al poder sobrenatural (Lewis 1974, 5). Lucas atribuyó tales acontecimientos al Espíritu Santo, como cuando Jesús fue bautizado o fue llevado al desierto para ser tentado (Lucas 3:22, 4:1), con más frecuencia que otros escritores de los Evangelios.


Interpretación de Ley

La interpretación que Jesús hacía de la ley judía ofrecía espacio para que el Espíritu Santo actuara en la vida de una persona de al menos dos maneras que lo distinguían de otros maestros.


En primer lugar, Jesús planteó con frecuencia un dilema ético, que opone dos principios jurídicos entre sí, para resaltar su interpretación de la ley. Preguntó: ¨¿Es lícito en el día de reposo hacer bien o hacer mal; salvar una vida o destruirla?¨ (Lucas 6:9) Cuando los fariseos se negaron a responder, Jesús sanó a un hombre que tenía una mano seca y enfureció a los fariseos porque el acto de sanar establecía un acto justo en oposición a sus reglas sobre el trabajo en el día de reposo (Lucas 6:10-11).


Este acto de interpretación legal y de sanación avergonzó a los fariseos y puso en riesgo la vida de Jesús, lo que lo llevó a una noche de oración y al llamado de sus discípulos (Lucas 6:12-16). Irónicamente, la sanación no podría interpretarse como una obra bajo las leyes del sábado porque Jesús nunca tocó al hombre (Wright 2004, 28).


En segundo lugar, Jesús amplió la interpretación de las sanciones legales para el asesinato, el adulterio y otros pecados para considerar la motivación detrás del pecado, llamando la atención sobre la ira, la lujuria y otros motivos oscuros (por ejemplo, Mateo 5:20-22). Esto hizo que el cumplimiento de la ley fuera imposible sin la intervención divina.


El cumplimiento técnico, tal como lo enseñaban los fariseos, no era suficiente para asegurar la rectitud. Mientras que el relato de Mateo del Sermón del Monte proscribe el cumplimiento técnico, el relato de Lucas promueve el uso de los derechos bajo la ley, como amar a los enemigos y dar testimonio a los pecadores (por ejemplo, Lucas 6:27).


El uso de la ley para abrir a los discípulos a la intervención del Espíritu Santo diferenció la enseñanza de Jesús de la de los fariseos, quienes promovían una estricta adhesión a los precedentes y una definición estrecha de la ley. Aquellos que no tienen pecado no sienten necesidad de un salvador. Esto es un problema hoy en día cuando las personas creen que son básicamente buenas, porque se implica que técnicamente cumplen con la ley.


Notas

1 Matt 1:18, 20, 3:11, 12:32, 28:19; Mark 1:8, 3:29, 12:36, 13:11; Luke 1:15, 35, 41, 67, 2:25, 26, 3:16, 22, 4:1, 10:21, 11:13, 12:10, 12; John 1:33, 14:26, 20:22


2 Acts 1:2, 5, 8, 16, 2:4, 33, 38, 4:8, 25, 31, 5:3, 32, 6:5, 7:51, 55, 8:15, 17, 19, 9:17, 31, 10:38, 44, 45, 47, 11:15, 16, 24, 13:2, 4, 9, 52, 15:8, 28, 16:6, 19:2, 6, 20:23, 28, 21:11, 28:25


Introducción a Hechos
Vea También:
Una Guía Cristiana a la Espiritualidad
Vida en Tensión
Otras Formas de Interactuar en Línea:



Sitio Web del Autor:  http://www.StephenWHiemstra.net
Sitio Web del Editor:  http://www.T2Pneuma.com





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Published on July 18, 2025 02:15

July 15, 2025

Pinker Reduces the Stress of Style

Pinker_review_20250522

Steven Pinker. 2014. The Sense of Style. New York. Penguin Books.

Review by Stephen W. Hiemstra

Confession time. I own a lot of style books, not only in English but also in Spanish and German. Many more people speak English as a second language leaving it open to borrowed vocabulary and, perhaps, a more complex structure. The need for style books may accordingly be more pressing for English writers. Or, I may just be a language geek. Who knows?

Introduction

In his prologue to The Sense of Style, Steven Pinker writes:

“My discomfort with the classic style manuals has convinced me that we need a writing guide for the twenty-first century….Today’s writers are infused by the spirit of scientific skepticism and the ethos of questioning authority….They rightly expect reasons for any advice that is foisted upon them….This books is also written for readers who seek no help in writing but are interested in letters and literature and curious about the ways in which the sciences of mind can illuminate how language works at its best.” (6-7)

Pinker believes that style matters because it aids communication, builds trust, and contributes to beauty (8-9). Who can say?

Background and Organization

Steven Pinker graduated from Dawson College and McGill University. His doctorate in experimental psychology at Harvard University. He then did postdoctoral work Massachusetts Institute of Technology before teaching at Harvard University and Stanford University. He has written a number of books, both technical and popular, and writes frequently for various periodicals.

Pinker writes in six chapter:

Good writingA window onto the worldThe curse of knowledgeThe web, the tree, and the stringArcs of coherenceTelling right from wrong (v-vi)

These chapters are preceded by a prologue and followed by acknowledgments, glossary, notes, references, and an index.

A Clear Conversation

Style goes beyond semantics, grammar, and structure. Pinker writes: “The best words not only pinpoint an idea better than any alternative but echo it in their sound and articulation, a phenomena called phonesthetics, the feeling of sound.” (22)

It seems odd that a psychologist should deliberatively step into the haunts of an English teacher. There is a reason that everyone remembers the same of their high school English teacher. “Bad writing makes the reader feel like a dunce,” (36) Pinker cautions. Correcting bad writing makes the writer look for the door—an important reason why high school English teachers are so memorable.

“Classic style is confident about its own voice,” Pinker observes before starting a conversation about “compulsive hedging,” (43) the bane of weak writers. We begin to wonder whether Pinker sees writing critiques as an insidious slant on a Rorschach test. Communicating requires a serious commitment of time and often accompanies economic activity, suggesting that clarity is more than a random objective—natural fodder for a research psychologist. Who’d a thunk?

Sentence Diagramming on Steroids

Before you venture into Pinker’s chapter on The Web, The Tree, and The String, you might want to pour yourself a pitcher of coffee and have your spouse chain you to your desk. On the other hand, if you loved diagramming sentences in high school, chances are good that you will become a Pinker groupie reading this chapter.

The structure of language is called syntax. Pinker writes about syntax as:

“…a tree of phrases to translate a web of thoughts into a string of words. Upon hearing or reading the string of words, the perceiver can work backwards, fitting them into a tree and recovering the links between the associated concepts.” (82)

When we speak a language, it means that we intuitively know the rules for parsing words into meaningful expressions, which will call parts of speech. Diagramming all these things makes it possible, as Pinker describes and shows with pictures, to understand the relationship among these parts of speech and to identify simple and complex structures, how they work, and how they break down with unclear speech.

Assessment

Steven Pinker’s The Sense of Style is an interesting and artful read. Frequently, especially in the final chapter covering disputable words and phrases, Pinker helped clarify points, like the use of who and whom, that I have debated with my editors. While the debates will continue, Pinker’s insights will help reduce the shame and guilt that I have felt for not making my high school English teacher proud. Reading Pinker may help reduce stress levels for future students, teachers, editors, and writers who read this work.

Footnotes

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_....

Pinker Reduces the Stress of StyleAlso see:Books, Films, and MinistryOther ways to engage online:Author site: http://www.StephenWHiemstra.net Publisher site: http://www.T2Pneuma.com Newsletter at: https://bit.ly/bugs_25Signup

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Published on July 15, 2025 02:30

July 14, 2025

Covenants: Monday Monologues (podcast), July 14, 2025


 By Stephen W. Hiemstra





This morning I will share a prayer and reflect on the Scoring Covenants. After listening, please click here to take a brief listener survey (10 questions).







To listen, click on this link.









Hear the words; Walk the steps; Experience the joy!


Covenants: Monday Monologues (podcast), July 14, 2025
Also see:
The Face of God in the Parables
The Who Question
Preface to a Life in Tension
Other ways to engage online:



Author site: http://www.StephenWHiemstra.net
Publisher site: http://www.T2Pneuma.com




Newsletter at: https://bit.ly/bugs_25Signup

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Published on July 14, 2025 02:30

July 13, 2025

Covenantal Prayer

Image_of_the_Holy_Spirit_in_the Church_20230407


By Stephen W. Hiemstra


Almighty father,


All praise and honor, power and dominion, truth and justice are yours, because you nurtured our faith through covenants with Abraham, Moses, and David and 


while we broke covenant with you living in sin, you sent Christ to atone for that sin (Rom 5:8).


Forgive our hardened hearts, stopped up ears, and eyes blind to your many blessings.


Thank you for each and every new day.


In the power of your Holy Spirit, open our hearts, illumine our thoughts, and strengthen our hands in your service.


In Jesus’ precious name, Amen.


Covenantal Prayer
Also see:
The Face of God in the Parables
The Who Question
Preface to a Life in Tension
Other ways to engage online:



Author site: http://www.StephenWHiemstra.net
Publisher site: http://www.T2Pneuma.com
Newsletter at: https://bit.ly/bugs_25Signup

 

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Published on July 13, 2025 02:30

Oración de Pactos

Imagen_del_Espiritu_Santo_y_la_Iglesia


Por Stephen W. Hiemstra


Padre todopoderoso,


Tuyos son toda la alabanza y el honor, el poder y el dominio, la verdad y la justicia, porque nutriste nuestra fe a través pactos con Abraham, Moises, y David. Mientras rompimos el pacto contigo al vivir en pecado, tú enviaste a Cristo para expiar ese pecado (Rom 5:8).


Perdona nuestros corazones endurecidos, nuestros oídos tapados y nuestros ojos ciegos a tus muchas bendiciones.


Gracias por cada y todo nuevo días.


En el poder de tu Espíritu Santo, abre nuestros corazones, ilumina nuestros pensamientos y fortalece nuestras manos en tu servicio.


En el precioso nombre de Jesús, Amén.


Oración de Pactos
Vea También:
Una Guía Cristiana a la Espiritualidad
Vida en Tensión
Otras Formas de Interactuar en Línea:



Sitio Web del Autor:  http://www.StephenWHiemstra.net
Sitio Web del Editor:  http://www.T2Pneuma.com




Boletín Informativo en:  https://bit.ly/bugs_25 Signup

 

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Published on July 13, 2025 02:15

July 11, 2025

Scoring Covenants

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I am the LORD your God, 


who brought you out of the land of Egypt, 


out of the house of slavery. 


(Exod 20:2)


By Stephen W. Hiemstra


If the Holy Spirit can be best found working in our lives in the midst of pain or a lengthy journey, then the many divine symbols and experiences in the Old Testament can be scored by how well they drew the people in and pointed them to God. A messiah—someone anointed with oil and displaying charismatic leadership—could certainly become a strong symbol and lengthy experience of divine presence, as could the temple in Jerusalem, but a messiah could also become a sacrilege and diversion from divine inspiration, like King Saul (1 Sam 9:2) or the fiery serpent that Moses made (Num 21:8-9). Given this criteria, the several Old Testament covenants stand out as especially important instruments of the Holy Spirit in the historical experience of Israel.


Weakness of Miracles, Signs, and Symbols

Miracles,⁠1 signs, and symbols require interpretation. Much like a Rorschach test, the nature of the interpretation offered is often more a reflection of presuppositions of the observer than the intent of the author or creator.


The Prophet Hosea (8:4) wrote:  “They made kings, but not through me. They set up princes, but I knew it not. With their silver and gold they made idols for their own destruction.” I found during my time as a hospital chaplain I observed that the majority of people admitted to the emergency department were there for preventable problems arising from poor lifestyle choices. If self-destruction is a theme in physical health, then how much more difficult is it to maintain good spiritual health? For such reasons, many of the Old Testament religious symbols had the potential to serve either to point to God or to become idols of fallen worship, like the fiery serpent fashioned by Moses (1 Kgs 18:4).⁠2


In the New Testament, Jesus himself experienced a Gethsemane moment just before his arrest: Knowing that he would be arrested and sent to the cross, will he turn to God accepting his fate or run away to save his own life? (Matt 26:39) Our daily responses to pain—turning to God or into the pain—form who we are, much like the Prophet Job’s relationship was strengthened by his experience of pain (Job 1:21). This is a opening for the Holy Spirit to form us. Still, the symbol or the pain is itself inherently ambiguous.


Covenants Reliably Point to God


While many miracles, signs, and symbols are inherently ambiguous, divine covenants invite one into a longterm relationship with God. The covenant provides objective boundaries and incentives to the relationship and because of the longterm nature of the covenantal relationship, the covenant allows the Holy Spirit ample opportunity to shape the faith of participants. While the New Covenant in Christ is qualitatively better than prior covenants (Jer 31:33), the formative nature of the special grace covenants is already present in the covenants with Moses and David (Niehaus 2014, 32).


Niehaus (2014, 37) outlines the form of a Hittite covenant:


“[A] covenant is an expression of God’s nature as a great suzerain who provides good things for his vassals, who imparts standards for their way of life, who will bless them for obedience and curse them for disobedience, and who is the eternal witness to these facts.”


Covenantal stipulations provide for both blessings and curses, as articulated in Deuteronomy 28 for the Mosaic covenant, much like an employment contract (Niehaus 2014, 36).


A suzerain is a “king of kings” or “Lord of Lords,” which today we might recognize as a super-power. A super-power, like the United States, provides for military and other assistance to allied nations within its domain. Allied nations have similar constitutional governance structures, trading treaties, and may offer space for military bases and ports of call to the super-power. Travel between the super-power and other nations in its domain is relatively easy so long as visitors abide by various laws and bureaucratic conventions. The chief difference between today’s treaties and a Hittite treaty is that a Hittite treaty is more inclusive of religious and lifestyle stipulations, and, of course, constitutional government replaces the role of a suzerain in the modern treaty.


The New Covenant in Christ

The Prophet Jeremiah anticipated the limitations of the Old Testament covenants in pointing people to God:


“Behold, the days are coming, declares the LORD, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and the house of Judah, not like the covenant that I made with their fathers on the day when I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt, my covenant that they broke, though I was their husband, declares the LORD. For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, declares the LORD: I will put my law within them, and I will write it on their hearts. And I will be their God, and they shall be my people.” (Jer. 31:31-33)


Jeremiah describes covenantal law as “I took them by the hand” which the people “broke.” In other words, you can lead a horse to water, but you cannot make them drink.


The formational problem articulated by Jeremiah is not unlike the older brother’s hardened heart in Jesus’ Parable of the Two Brothers (or Prodigal Son), which is a New Testament coming of age story. The story begins with a father with two sons neither of whom loves his father. The younger son demands his inheritance, runs off, and squanders it. When he falls into destitution, he remembers his father, and returns home to beg his father to offer him a job. When his father forgives him, the older son is angry and resentful. The irony of this parable is that the younger and initially more outrageous son is the one who learns to love his father, something his older brother never does (Luke 15:11-31).


The qualitative superiority of the New Testament covenant in Christ arises precisely in permitting the Holy Spirit greater opportunity to form and inform our faith in God.


Footnotes

1 C.S. Lewis (1974, 5) defines the word, miracle: “to mean interference with nature by supernatural power.”


2 Schlossberg (1990, 6) defines idolatry as: “Any substitute of what is created for the creator.”


References

Lewis, C.S. 1974. Miracles: A Preliminary Study (Orig Pub 1960). New York: HarperCollins.


Niehaus, Jeffrey J. 2014. Biblical Theology: Volume 1: The Common Grace Covenants. Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press.


Schlossberg, Herbert. 1990. Idols for Destruction: The Conflict of Christian Faith and American Culture. Wheaton: Crossway Books.


Scoring Covenants

Also see:


The Face of God in the Parables
The Who Question
Preface to a Life in Tension
Other ways to engage online:



Author site: http://www.StephenWHiemstra.net
Publisher site: http://www.T2Pneuma.com
Newsletter at: https://bit.ly/bugs_25Signup

 

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Published on July 11, 2025 02:30

Interpretando de Pactos

Imagen_del_Espiritu_Santo_y_la_Iglesia


Yo soy el SEÑOR tu Dios, que te saqué de la tierra de Egipto, 


de la casa de servidumbre (de la esclavitud).


(Exodo 20:2)


Por Stephen W. Hiemstra


Si el Espíritu Santo puede ser encontrado trabajando mejor en nuestras vidas en medio de un viaje doloroso, entonces los muchos símbolos y experiencias divinas en el Antiguo Testamento pueden ser evaluados por cuán bien atrajeron a la gente y la señalaron hacia Dios. Teniendo en cuenta estos criterios, los diversos pactos del Antiguo Testamento destacan como instrumentos especialmente importantes del Espíritu Santo en la experiencia histórica de Israel.


Debilidad de los Milagros, Señales y Símbolos

Los milagros,⁠1 las señales y los símbolos requieren interpretación. Al igual que en una prueba de Rorschach, la naturaleza de la interpretación ofrecida suele ser más un reflejo de las presuposiciones del observador que de la intención del autor o creador.


El profeta Oseas (8:4) escribió: ¨Ellos han puesto reyes, pero no escogidos por mí; Han nombrado príncipes, pero sin saberlo yo. Con su plata y su oro se han hecho ídolos, para su propia destrucción.¨


Durante mi tiempo como capellán de hospital, observé que la mayoría de las personas admitidas en el departamento de emergencias sufrían problemas evitables derivados de malas elecciones de estilo de vida. Si la autodestrucción es un tema en la salud física, ¿cuánto más difícil es mantener una buena salud espiritual? Por estas razones, muchos de los símbolos religiosos del Antiguo Testamento tenían el potencial de servir para señalar a Dios o de convertirse en ídolos de una adoración caída, como la serpiente ardiente creada por Moisés (1 Kgs 18:4).⁠2


En el Nuevo Testamento, Jesús mismo experimentó un momento de Getsemaní justo antes de su arresto. Sabiendo que sería arrestado y enviado a la cruz, ¿se volvió a Dios aceptando su destino o huyó para salvar su vida? (Mateo 26:39) Jesús se volvió a Dios. De la misma manera, nuestras respuestas diarias al dolor (volvernos a Dios o entrar en el dolor) forman quiénes somos, de manera muy similar a cómo la relación del profeta Job con Dios se fortaleció a partir de su experiencia del dolor (Job 1:21). Esta es una apertura para que el Espíritu Santo nos forme, pero el símbolo o el dolor en sí mismo es inherentemente ambiguo.


Los Pactos Apuntan Confiablemente a Dios

Si bien muchos milagros, señales y símbolos son inherentemente ambiguos, los pactos divinos invitan a uno a una relación a largo plazo con Dios.


El pacto establece límites objetivos e incentivos para la relación. Debido a la naturaleza a largo plazo de la relación de pacto, el pacto permite al Espíritu Santo amplias oportunidades para moldear la fe de los participantes. Aunque el Nuevo Pacto en Cristo es cualitativamente mejor que los pactos anteriores (Jer 31:33), la naturaleza formativa de los pactos de gracia especial ya está presente en los pactos con Moisés y David (Niehaus 2014, 32).


Niehaus (2014, 37) describe la forma de un pacto hitita:


““[Un] pacto es una expresión de la naturaleza de Dios como un gran soberano que provee cosas buenas para sus vasallos, que imparte normas para su forma de vida, que los bendecirá por la obediencia y los maldecirá por la desobediencia, y que es el testigo eterno de estos hechos.”


Las estipulaciones del pacto prevén tanto bendiciones como maldiciones, como se articula en Deuteronomio 28 para el pacto mosaico, de forma muy similar a un contrato de trabajo (Niehaus 2014, 36).


En la actualidad, las naciones aliadas tienen estructuras de gobierno constitucional y tratados comerciales similares, y pueden ofrecer espacios para bases militares y puertos de escala a la superpotencia. Viajar entre la superpotencia y otras naciones bajo su dominio es relativamente fácil siempre que los visitantes respeten las leyes y las convenciones burocráticas. La principal diferencia entre los tratados actuales y un tratado hitita es que un tratado hitita incluye más estipulaciones sobre religión y estilo de vida.


El Nuevo Pacto en Cristo

El profeta Jeremías anticipó las limitaciones de los pactos del Antiguo Testamento al señalar a la gente hacia Dios:


“Vienen días, declara el SEÑOR en que haré con la casa de Israel y con la casa de Judá un nuevo pacto, no como el pacto que hice con sus padres el día que los tomé de la mano para sacarlos de la tierra de Egipto, mi pacto que ellos rompieron, aunque fui un esposo para ellos, declara el SEÑOR. Porque éste es el pacto que haré con la casa de Israel después de aquellos días, declara el SEÑOR. Pondré mi ley dentro de ellos, y sobre sus corazones la escribiré. Entonces yo seré su Dios y ellos serán mi pueblo.” (Jer 31:31-33)


Jeremías describe la ley del pacto en un lenguaje paternalista (“tomé de la mano”) que el pueblo no podía acatar (“rompieron”). En otras palabras, puedes llevar un caballo al agua, pero no puedes obligarlo a beber.


El problema formativo articulado por Jeremías no es diferente al corazón endurecido del hermano mayor en la Parábola de los Dos Hermanos (o el Hijo Pródigo) de Jesús, que es una historia del Nuevo Testamento sobre la llegada a la edad adulta. La historia comienza con un padre de dos hijos, ninguno de los cuales ama a su padre. El hijo menor exige su herencia, se escapa y la malgasta. Cuando cae en la indigencia, se acuerda de su padre y vuelve a casa para rogarle que le ofrezca trabajo. Cuando su padre lo perdona, el hijo mayor se enoja, se resiente y se amarga aún más hacia su padre. La ironía de esta parábola es que el hijo más joven e inicialmente más escandaloso es el que aprende a amar a su padre, un punto que su hermano mayor nunca alcanza (Lucas 15:11-31).


La superioridad cualitativa del pacto del Nuevo Testamento en Cristo surge, no por nuestra superioridad moral sobre nuestros antepasados ​​o nuestra mayor inteligencia con el advenimiento de la ciencia, sino porque permite al Espíritu Santo una mayor oportunidad de formar e informar nuestra fe en Dios. Y, por supuesto, sólo es posible porque Jesucristo murió por nuestros pecados.


Notas

1 C.S. Lewis (1974, 5) defines the word, miracle: “to mean interference with nature by supernatural power.”


2 Schlossberg (1990, 6) defines idolatry as: “Any substitute of what is created for the creator.


Interpretando de Pactos
Vea También:
Una Guía Cristiana a la Espiritualidad
Vida en Tensión
Otras Formas de Interactuar en Línea:



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Published on July 11, 2025 02:15

July 8, 2025

Seger Adds Dimensionality to Characters

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Linda Seger. 1990. Creating Unforgettable Characters: A Practical Guide to Character Development. New York: Henry Holt and Company.

Review by Stephen W. Hiemstra

When I was young, I relished the idea of becoming a farmer because I loved the outdoors and taking care of the animals. As I grew older my ambitions changed and my ideal job evolved into one where I would work with the beautiful people who were smart, witty, and always fashionable. In a word, these beautiful people were walking, talking characters.

In her book, Creating Unforgettable Characters: A Practical Guide to Character Development, Linda Seger writes:

“I will concentrate on the process of creating well-rounded individual characters, and characters in relationship…Character is created through a combination of knowledge and imagination.” (xiii)

Writing credible characters involves giving them multiple dimensions, both strengths and weaknesses. Dimensions include age, sex, education, religion, race, ethnicity, profession, attitudes, values, context, and many other attributes. Without this dimensionality, characters collapse into stereotypes and stick figures that are less realistic, relatable, or interesting, and totally forgettable.

Background and Organization

Linda Seger graduated from Colorado College, received a Masters of Arts from the Pacific School of Religion on Religion in Arts, a Masters of Arts in Drama from Northwestern University, and a doctorate from the affiliated Graduate Theological Union. She is an author and screenwriter.

Seger writes in ten chapters:

Researching the characterDefining the character: Consistencies and paradoxesCreating the backstoryUnderstanding character psychologyCreating character relationshipsAdding supporting and minor charactersWriting dialogueCreating nonrealistic charactersBeyond stereotypingSolving character problems (ix)

These chapters are preceded by a preface and followed by an epilogue, appendix, notes, and an index.

Researching the Character

Seger’s first chapter begins with an analysis of a problem script. The script had already been sold, being described as “high concept,” which is the Hollywood designation for a well-structured, interesting plot. The problem revolved around the characters.

She writes: “I realized that she didn’t know enough about the context—about the world of the characters.” (1) The iceberg of the character included general information, but the specific information about the ten percent of the character world actually being written about was skimpy (2-3). It’s like the problem of the extinction of an interesting species because their particular habitat has disappeared (5). The species in question can only be described within the context of their particular environment.

This observation appears in the first chapter of her book, suggesting that this is a core problem with authoring characters. In my own experience, writers’ cramp is typically solved through additional research. My current novella, a split-time, young adult book that dives into first century Israel was a bear to write because every little detail was preceded by hours of research. Think of all the animals, like lions and big-horn Jacob sheep, that ran around in first century Israel, but are now extinct.

Solving Character Problems

Surprisingly, character issues often flag other problems. One problem that Seger cites, is a character that explores an author’s own dark side. This came as a special surprise because it is hard to write about a subject that you shy away from in your own life (210). This same problem—an emotional hijacking—can arise in hospital ministry when a patient’s issue triggers an emotional response that is unexpected and not even perhaps manageable. It also arises in writing memoir when describing key turning points in your life that may not have been adequately processed.

Other character problems include:

A character that is only generally and vaguely described (210).A supporting character that appears to take over the story (212).A character problem that exposes a weakness in the story (213).

One solution to a character problem is to explore their hidden agendas (214). Another is to place the character in relationship with another character (217). Still another solution is to subject the character to a series of what-if questions (219).

Assessment

Linda Seger’s Creating Unforgettable Characters: A Practical Guide to Character Development is an interesting and helpful resource for deepening a writer’s understanding of improving character dimensionality. It is the kind of craft book that I read to remind me of things to do and thought processes to pursue as I edit a manuscript. Perhaps you too will find it useful.

Seger Adds Dimensionality to CharactersAlso see:Books, Films, and MinistryOther ways to engage online:Author site: http://www.StephenWHiemstra.net Publisher site: http://www.T2Pneuma.com Newsletter at: https://bit.ly/bugs_25Signup

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Published on July 08, 2025 02:30

July 7, 2025

Deuteronomic Cycle: Monday Monologues (podcast), July 7, 2025


 By Stephen W. Hiemstra





This morning I will share a prayer and reflect on the Deuteronomic Cycle. After listening, please click here to take a brief listener survey (10 questions).







To listen, click on this link.









Hear the words; Walk the steps; Experience the joy!


Deuteronomic Cycle: Monday Monologues (podcast), July 7, 2025
Also see:
The Face of God in the Parables
The Who Question
Preface to a Life in Tension
Other ways to engage online:



Author site: http://www.StephenWHiemstra.net
Publisher site: http://www.T2Pneuma.com




Newsletter at: https://bit.ly/bugs_25Signup


 

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Published on July 07, 2025 02:30

July 6, 2025

Gospel Prayer

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By Stephen W. Hiemstra


Almighty God,


All praise and honor, power an dominion, truth and justice are yours because in your law you bless and curse us as we deserve, but in your Gospel through Jesus Christ offer a path for redemption.


We confess that we are tempted to sin, to trespass against your law, and commit all manner of iniquity. Forgive us. Help us to do better.


We give thanks for the many blessings of this life: Our creation, our families, our health, and useful work to do. Most of all, we give thanks for our salvation in Jesus Christ.


In the power of your Holy Spirit, draw us to yourself. Open our hearts; illumine our minds; strengthen our hands in your service.


In Jesus’ name, Amen.


Gospel Prayer
Also see:
The Face of God in the Parables
The Who Question
Preface to a Life in Tension
Other ways to engage online:



Author site: http://www.StephenWHiemstra.net
Publisher site: http://www.T2Pneuma.com




Newsletter at: https://bit.ly/bugs_25Signup

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Published on July 06, 2025 02:30