Matador Network's Blog, page 8

Flying’s Environmental Impact Is Undeniable. Is Sustainable Aviation Fuel the Answer?

Virgin Atlantic’s Flight100 took off from London Heathrow bound for JFK in New York on November 23, 2023. The flight departed on time on an overcast and chilly London afternoon as guests settled into Virgin’s flatbed seats arranged in the airline’s herringbone floor plan. What made this flight truly stand out, however, was in the fuel tanks.

This flight, numbered “100” to signify a new beginning, was the first long-haul commercial flight operated entirely using sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). The bio-organic fuel is increasingly seen as an important aspect to reducing the carbon footprint from aviation.

Unlike kerosene-based jet fuel, SAF is produced from renewable or recycled bio-organic sources and can lower total greenhouse gas emissions over time. It can be produced from biomass like corn, used cooking oil, and agricultural residues, as well as from municipal waste or synthetic fuels made by combining captured CO₂ with green hydrogen (‘power-to-liquid’). Importantly, SAF is a ‘drop-in’ fuel that can be blended with conventional jet fuel and used in today’s aircraft without engine modifications. The fuel produces nearly the same amount of CO₂ as traditional jet fuel when burned. But because SAF is made from renewable or recycled carbon sources, net lifecycle emissions can be up to 80 percent lower, according to the International Air Transport Association (IATA). Ultimately, the IATA estimates SAF could make up 65 percent of the emissions reduction need for aviation to reach net-zero CO₂ emissions by 2050. It’s an important piece of the pie in addition to improving technology like carbon capture.

On November 28, 2023, Virgin Atlantic’s Flight100 flew 3,543 miles from London to New York entirely powered by sustainable aviation fuel. Photo courtesy Virgin Atlantic

The need for SAF is rising. Commercial aviation accounts for about 2.5 percent of total global greenhouse gas emissions. As other sectors of the economy become more sustainable and the amount of flights around the world increases, the share of total emissions from flying will only grow – unless airlines can find effective ways to lower their environmental impact. In addition to carbon capture, which involves pulling carbon from the air and storing it underground, the adoption of SAF is increasingly viewed as a viable means for the aviation sector to reduce its emissions.

Still, a spokesperson for Neste, a Finnish energy company founded in 1948, told me there’s still a long way to go. Total SAF usage currently accounts for less than 2 percent of total global jet fuel consumption.

Neste, originally focused on securing Finland’s oil supply, has transformed over the decades into a SAF leader focused on renewable and circular energy solutions. Neste’s Singapore refinery is the world’s largest SAF facility, capable of producing 1 million tons annually. Neste isn’t alone. Boston’s World Energy has produced SAF since 1998, while Reno-based XCF Global recently became the first publicly traded SAF company in the United States.

The industry is gaining traction, though critics remain skeptical of SAF’s scalability and environmental value. Its future is far from guaranteed, and SAF alone is unlikely to erase aviation’s heavy carbon footprint. Still, momentum is building. Commercial aviation may be moving toward a cleaner future. What role SAF will play remains unclear.

How SAF works

XCF Global’s New Rise Reno facility. Courtesy XCF Global

SAF is straightforward in concept but complex to produce. The most common production method is known as HEFA (Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids), which uses renewable oils and fats such as used cooking oil, animal fats, and some non-food vegetable oils. These are treated with hydrogen at high temperature and pressure to remove oxygen and impurities, producing paraffinic hydrocarbons that closely resemble conventional jet fuel and can be blended directly (hence the term “drop-in” fuel).

Sustainability efforts are highly marketable these days. While companies that reduce their environmental impact deserve credit, consumers are wary of greenwashing. Delta Air Lines was the first US carrier to offer offsets when travelers book flights in 2007, and doing so is now an industry standard. It’s easy to see this as shifting the sustainability burden to consumers rather than the companies. SAF instead allows companies to take a bigger responsibility in reducing emissions.

Airlines buy SAF certificates (SAFc) to document emissions cuts. SAFc uses a system called ‘insetting,’ which separates the verified emissions savings from the fuel itself. Airlines can then apply those savings to their overall carbon footprint from flights. This sounds similar to how carbon offset credits, which have been shown to be ineffective without strict monitoring, are applied. But the SAFc system is considered more reliable because it’s tracked through a ‘Book and Claim’ ledger. This helps prevent double counting of emissions reductions, ensure integrity, and allows SAF to be used where most efficient, all while still letting companies claim the associated emissions cuts in their supply chains.

This could prove to be the key difference in helping both the public and airlines get on board with developing and implementing more SAF use.

“Delivering the emissions reduction value of SAF with SAFc insets is increasingly recognized as the best tool to scale investment in the SAF industry,” Karen Boyd, director of product sustainability at World Energy, says.

Where does current policy on SAF stand?

Infographic by Matador Network

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has set a net-zero target for 2050. It introduced a Global Framework calling for a 5 percent emissions cut by 2030 through SAF and lower-carbon fuels. The European Union’s ReFuelEU regulation is the most ambitious program in the world, requiring airlines to blend their jet fuel with 2 percent SAF by 2025, 6 percent by 2030, and 70 percent by 2050, with dedicated targets for synthetic e-fuels. The UK has set a similar path with a 9.5% SAF target by 2030, while Ireland recently launched its first national SAF roadmap. In North America, the US Inflation Reduction Act offers SAF tax credits and $300 million for research and infrastructure, while Canada supports production through mandates, incentives, and public–private partnerships. Time will tell whether any of these benefits survive the current administration’s environmental rollbacks.

India, Brazil, and a handful of other countries also have SAF mandates in place. China, South Korea, Turkey, and the UAE are developing frameworks. By 2030, government mandates are expected to cover about 75 percent of global jet fuel use, requiring airlines to use roughly 2 billion gallons of SAF each year. That’s far more than the 1 percent of global jet fuel that SAF accounts for today, with production constrained by feedstock scarcity, high costs, and delayed projects.

The gap between policy goals and current supply means scaling up investment and infrastructure is essential. Still, Neste says global SAF production is sufficient to meet existing mandates in the EU and UK. That’s because these mandates are currently quite low – and because the ongoing expansion of Neste’s Rotterdam refinery will bring the company’s total SAF production capability to 2.2 million tons annually in 2027. XCF and other producers are scaling in the same manner.

Progress and making the costs make sense

Neste’s Rotterdam refinery on the harbor is key to company’s plans to scale SAF production. Photo courtesy Neste

In June 2025, XCF Global, a synthetic aviation fuel producer, took the vision for decarbonized air travel directly to Wall Street when it went public via a merger with Focus Impact BH3 Acquisition Company under the ticker SAFX. The company promotes “feedstock-agnostic technology” that isn’t reliant on corn or monocrop agriculture. At the company’s facility in Reno, Nevada, it produces SAF in the largest industrial park in the country.

“SAF in our opinion is going to be one of the most predominant ways to decarbonize the aviation industry,” Mihir Dange, CEO of XCF, told Matador. “I think that’s the purpose of why we intended on going public is we wanted to add to the legitimacy. To bring visibility to what’s happening in our business but as well as what’s happening in the market.”

Technological improvements and availability are one step to a more sustainable industry, but won’t have the intended impact if it’s still too expensive to implement. XCF Global’s business plan is key to growing the sector as a whole. The company reduces costs by having its facility in a location near a source for various types of feedstocks like tallow, cooking oil, the waste byproduct distillers corn oil, and soybean oil.

Dange acknowledges the challenges but feels like his business, and SAF more broadly, is well-positioned for growth. Meeting the 2050 goal of a 70 percent decrease in carbon intensity will require roughly 100 times today’s infrastructure, he said, adding “we’re just not building infrastructure that fast.”

“I don’t consider [other SAF companies] competitors” in the bigger picture of a more sustainable future, Dange said. “We need as much staff infrastructure as we can to come online to help meet the demands of the future, to help reduce the carbon intensity around aviation.”

He argues that success depends on industry and regulators working together to create consistent global standards. Clear reporting and verification will not only move the sector forward but also build public trust — a view echoed by World Energy and Neste.

“We take our Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) calculations very seriously, conducting rigorous evaluations that account for full cradle-to-grave emissions and vetting them through independent third-party audits on an annual basis to ensure transparency and accuracy,” says Boyd, of World Energy. “This approach aligns with industry standards. Where properly certified SAF achieves at least a 50 percent lifecycle emissions reduction compared to conventional jet fuel, our SAF can achieve up to 85 percent in optimal cases using waste-based or advanced feedstocks.”

The case against sustainable aviation fuel

AirAsia co-founder Tony Fernandes is a vocal critic of sustainable aviation fuel. Photo: SPhotograph /Shutterstock

Sustainable aviation fuel isn’t without critics who point out that SAF comes with its own inherent climate risks. For one, corn requires an immense amount of land and water to grow.

Chuck Collins, director at the Institute for Policy Studies, is a vocal critic of SAF. He coauthored the 2024 report “Greenwashing the Skies” that argued SAF is largely a marketing ploy and not a scalable solution for aviation emissions. He and his coauthors point out that current SAF production is nowhere near what would be required to meet US climate goals, a valid stance.

The report notes that scaling up would demand massive subsidies and land-use changes, and that the aviation industry has a poor track record of meeting its own SAF targets. Collins also warns that including fuels like corn-based ethanol could worsen climate impacts due to land clearance and soil loss.

To produce enough corn-based ethanol to replace just 10 percent of current US jet fuel demand, corn yields and production methods would need major improvements. Replacing 100 percent of jet fuel with corn-based ethanol would be far more damaging and would require vast new cropland that reduces forests and strains water supplies.

Other vocal critics include airline executives themselves. AirAsia co-founder Tony Fernandes has called SAF “stupid”, and, like Collins and the IPS, questions its scalability given feedstock limitations and cost. Breeze Airways CEO David Neeleman agrees, telling Skift that SAF is economically and environmentally inadequate.

Collins and other SAF opponents call for rejecting ethanol-based SAF due to the harmful lifecycle impacts, and instead push for independent, science-driven research rather than what Collins has described as industry-influenced standards. His warning that turning farmland into fuel crops would be disastrous has merit, though it may overlook other viable SAF pathways.

Even industry players recognize these concerns – and are working to address them.

“Critics’ worries about scalability and environmental trade-offs, such as those from biofuel competition with food crops, are being addressed through evolving frameworks like ICAO’s sustainability criteria,” Boyd says. “Ultimately, dismissing SAF entirely overlooks its role in aviation’s net-zero pathway, but ongoing scrutiny drives improvements in production and certification to maximize real-world decarbonization.”

Embracing today’s solutions while building tomorrow’s

Copenhagen’s Amager Bakke Copenhill plant converts municipal waste into power while also serving as a city amenity with a ski hill, hiking, and a climbing wall. Forward-thinking concepts like this — harnessing waste into the power society needs — will be necessary for SAF to really take off.
Photo: josefkubes /Shutterstock

Waiting for researchers to develop a silver bullet solution is an increasingly less viable option as the effects of climate change speed up. Still, for SAF to be viable, more production methods need to be embraced to turn waste into energy.

One place to find inspiration is Denmark. Copenhagen’s CopenHill (Amager Bakke) plant burns the city’s non-recyclable waste in a high-efficiency incinerator, generating both electricity and hot water for tens of thousands of homes. If similar waste-to-energy plants were adapted to produce jet fuel using advanced filtration and catalytic systems to capture pollutants, the result could be cleaner than today’s kerosene while also diverting waste from landfills and cutting methane emissions. CopenHill is especially notable for its design: the plant doubles as a recreation space, with a ski slope, climbing wall, and hiking trails built into its sloping roof, helping secure public support.

Technology isn’t the only challenge to increasing production, however. Regulatory uncertainty remains one of the industry’s biggest roadblocks.

“The primary regulatory obstacles to scaling SAF production involve inconsistent international policies and varying sustainability criteria across jurisdictions, which can hinder compliance and deter investment in certain pathways or regions,” Boyd says.

She adds that regulatory uncertainty in both the US and EU, such as delays in tax credits and blending mandates, continues to slow progress. The Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) provides a framework to standardize international aviation emissions reductions, but its impact is limited by patchy participation and uneven carbon pricing.

The future for SAF – and what travelers can do now

Turkish Airlines is one of a handful of airlines that allows fliers to contribute towards its SAF use when purchasing seats on a flight. Photo: MBekir /Shutterstock

The core takeaway is clear: For SAF to both scale and notably reduce the emissions of the aviation sector, production must be done responsibly with consistent global regulation and enactment.

For travelers, small steps matter too. Airlines including Alaska, JetBlue, and Turkish now allow flyers to “purchase” SAF credits at checkout, effectively only contributing a couple bucks to the cause but importantly voicing their support.

“I would emphasize that while some concerns are valid and highlight the need for careful pathway and feedstock selection,” Boyd says, “the evidence shows SAF can deliver substantial net GHG reductions when produced responsibly.”

For travelers from the US, a successful way forward involves educating both the public and lawmakers on the benefits, and supporting organizations, politicians, and individuals advocating for responsible development. Each step to replace fossil fuels with a more sustainable alternative is a step in the right direction. When SAF-powered long-hauls like Virgin’s Flight100 become the norm is still years or decades away – but in the broad stroke of human progress, this time is a blink of the eye.

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The 8 Best Food Festivals in Las Vegas You Can Still Make It to in 2025

The Las Vegas food scene isn’t slowing down in the last four months of 2025. The city is known for its always-open restaurants that bring the world’s cuisines to one place, but another draw for travelers who go somewhere for the food first is a wide range of food and drink festivals. In the last months of the year, Vegas festivals range from all-tacos-all-the-time and craft beer block parties, to chef-driven weekends featuring rare wines and ambitious tasting menus.

For travelers with an appetite, these are the food festival dates in Las Vegas worth making a trip for.

San Gennaro Feast

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Dates: September 17–21, 2025
Location: M Resort Spa Casino, Henderson (Las Vegas Valley)
Tickets: $10 general admission
Vibe: Italian heritage fair with a carnival-meets-street-festival energy.

With more than 70 food vendors, nightly entertainment, and over 60 carnival rides and games, the San Gennaro Feast is a beloved Italian-American tradition. Guests can sample sausage and peppers, cannoli, zeppoles, and other classics while enjoying international performers, Las Vegas Strip acts, and carnival rides.

Great American Foodie Fest

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Dates: September 19–21, 2025
Location: Desert Breeze Park, Las Vegas
Tickets: $10 general admission; food purchased separately
Vibe: Bustling, all-ages food truck carnival with live entertainment.

One of the largest food-centric festivals west of the Mississippi, the Great American Foodie Fest brings dozens of top food trucks and vendors from across the country. Expect everything from deep-fried Oreos and lobster rolls to fusion tacos and gourmet sliders. The festival also includes carnival rides, eating contests, and a beer and cocktail garden. Come hungry — you’ll not be able to same everything in one night, but you can surely try. There’s entertainment for families with kids of all ages when a small break is needed, and a beer garden for adults.

Revelry

Dates: September 19–27, 2025
Location: Wynn Las Vegas
Tickets: $395 and up
Vibe: High-end, exclusive culinary festival with global prestige.

Many of the top names in the culinary world descend on Wynn Las Vegas for the nine days of Revelry. Michelin-starred chefs, world-class vintners, and star bartenders converge for master classes, chef collaboration dinners, and the grand tasting. Highlights include luxe events like The Icons Dinner, featuring celebrity chefs Emeril Lagasse, Dominique Crenn, and Alain Ducasse. Revelry isn’t a “festival” in the traditional sense, and is more a place to try once-in-a-lifetime dining experiences from around the world without leaving Vegas.

Las Vegas Greek Food Festival

Dates: September 26–28, 2025
Location: St. John the Baptist Greek Orthodox Church, 5300 S. El Camino Rd, Las Vegas
Tickets: $10 general admission
Vibe: Joyous community celebration filled with food, dance, and Greek “kefi.”

The decades-running Las Vegas Greek Food Festival regularly draws thousands of people for a three-day immersion in Mediterranean culture. Festival-goers can feast on spanakopita, roasted lamb, and honey-soaked loukoumades, while lively bouzouki bands and traditional dance groups keep the energy high. Beyond the food, you’ll find a bustling agora-style marketplace with handmade goods and tours showcasing Byzantine iconography. Join the late-night circle dancing to fully embrace the festival spirit.

Downtown Brew Festival

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Dates: October 25, 2025
Location: Downtown Las Vegas Events Center
Tickets: $50 and up
Vibe: Laid-back, music-filled craft beer festival “under the stars.”

Produced by Motley Brews, the Downtown Brew Festival draws together more than 200 craft beers from 60-plus breweries. Alongside the pours, local chefs serve up hearty bites and live bands play to the crowds. The event is less about the glitz and glam of the Strip and has a more local flavor. VIP upgrades include access to a private lounge with rare beers and premium amenities.

The Great Las Vegas Taco Festival

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Dates: November 1-2, 2025
Location: Craig Ranch Regional Park, North Las Vegas
Tickets: $15 general admission
Vibe: Energetic fiesta with bold flavors, music, and cultural celebration.

Ten years in, The Great Las Vegas Taco Festival claims to be the largest taco festival in the United States. Dozens of vendors from across Las Vegas and beyond dish out street-style carne asada, birria tacos with consommé, fusion twists with sushi, and vegan-friendly options made with jackfruit. Beyond the food, the festival features Día de los Muertos-inspired altars, live mariachi, lucha libre wrestling, and a Chihuahua beauty contest. Snag a VIP pass for access to the Casa de Agave Tequila Tasting, because nothing goes with tacos quite like tequila.

Las Vegas Pizza Festival

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Date: November 15, 2025
Location: The Industrial Event Space, 2330 S Industrial Rd, Las Vegas
Tickets: $92 and up
Vibe: Pizza paradise with an indulgent, convivial energy.

The Las Vegas Pizza Festival gathers the city’s top pizzaiolos for a celebration of one of the most beloved comfort foods around. From Detroit deep dish to blistered Neapolitan pies, New York slices, Sicilian squares, and creative modern spins, the variety is staggering. Expect local favorites like Pizza Rock, Good Pie, and Yukon Pizza. Pizza obsessives will want to pace themselves and can refresh with a drink from the beer and wine vendors.

Neon City Festival

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Dates: November 21–23, 2025
Location: Downtown Las Vegas Events Center
Tickets: Free, open to the public
Vibe: Urban street fair meets cultural showcase; lively, eclectic, and accessible.

The Neon City Festival transforms the heart of downtown with food trucks, local pop-ups, and regional vendors serving everything from Asian street eats to churros and craft coffee. It’s all accompanied by live bands, DJs, and immersive art installations. There’s no admission cost, making it one of the most budget-friendly festivals on the calendar. For travelers, it’s a chance to see Vegas beyond the Strip — a creative and community-driven event that feels refreshingly authentic. Go at dusk, when the murals and neon art show best and there’s plenty of aromatic street food to enjoy.

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Why You Shouldn’t Sleep on Zurich, According to a Swiss Native

Switzerland has a reputation: it’s known internationally for its cheese, chocolate, mountains, watches, and banks. While it’s true that the small Alpine country nestled between France, Germany, Austria, and Italy thrives on these well-worn stereotypes, there’s far more to discover beneath the surface. The country’s largest city, Zurich — with a population of 450,000 people — is proof that such a small place can pack a lot of punch.

As a Swiss native, I’m always amused by how people perceive Switzerland. For an outsider, it can feel like an intimidating place. It’s true that Zurich, the Swiss economic capital, consistently ranks as one of the wealthiest and most expensive cities in the world. But the city doesn’t come off as overly posh or unapproachable. Bankers and creatives share the same spaces. By night, they dine in the same restaurants, and on the weekends, they cool off in the same lake and rivers. Here’s why you should join them on a trip to Zurich (and what to do when you get there).

There’s art, design, and architecture at every turn.

Left: Pavilion Le Corbusier. Right: Rechberggarten. Photos: Helene Bauer

Zurich is divided into 12 districts. District 1, home to the historic Old Town, is often the first stop for visitors arriving at Zurich HB, the central train station. From there, the main street, Bahnhofstrasse — one of the world’s most exclusive shopping streets — leads to Paradeplatz, the most expensive property on the Swiss Monopoly board. Cross the river and you’ll find yourself in the heart of the Old Town, a more intimate, less commercial part of the city filled with charming townhouses, many of which have been transformed into independent boutiques, art galleries, and cafés. But step just outside this area, and that’s where Zurich truly begins to reveal its magic.

For lovers of art, design, and architecture, Zurich is a paradise. It may not flaunt its beauty like Paris or Rome, but creativity lies around nearly every corner. One must-see is the Pavillon Le Corbusier, located near the lake (aptly called Zürichsee, or Lake Zurich). As the last building designed by Swiss-French architect Le Corbusier — a pioneer of modern architecture — it stands as a stunning tribute to his life’s work. The steel-and-glass building is both an architectural landmark and an art space, hosting seasonal exhibitions, guided tours, and cultural events.

Back in the city center, fans of Spanish architect and structural engineer Santiago Calatrava will find two of his creations. The first is Stadelhofen Station, a once traditional railway hub transformed in the 1980s into a striking metro station. The curved promenade and structural arches echo Calatrava’s signature style, reminiscent of the City of Arts and Sciences in Valencia, Spain. The second is the Law Library at the University of Zurich, open to the public and well worth a visit. Designed with a light, airy palette of maple wood, glass, and steel, the space is flooded with natural light. Calatrava envisioned the design as a metaphor to show that knowledge is weightless, in contrast to the physical weight of books.

Left: Freitag Tower. Right: Museum of Design. Photos: Helene Bauer

Another must-visit spot is the Viadukt district, arguably Zurich’s trendiest neighborhood. This former industrial area has been transformed into a lively hub, with the viaduct arches now housing interior design stores, boutique clothing shops, and cafés. Locals love to gather here, whether to grab a bite at the indoor market or enjoy an afternoon of window shopping. For a unique Swiss experience, stop by the Freitag Flagship Store — a brand known for its bags and accessories made from recycled truck tarpaulins. The store itself is a marvel: it’s housed in 19 freight containers stacked on top of each other to form a unique skyscraper. Climb to the top for a panoramic view of the city.

Zurich also has an impressive number of museums for a city of its size, and they’re well worth visiting. Chief among them is Kunsthaus Zürich, the largest art museum in Switzerland. Its collection is both vast and varied, featuring masterpieces from Monet to Basquiat. The Museum of Design is another engaging stop. Design lovers will be enchanted by the large collection of everyday objects that have made their mark on history.

You can get a taste of the Swiss swimming culture.

Photos: Helene Bauer

In Switzerland, water is as precious as gold — and in Zurich, it’s at the heart of daily life. Two rivers flow through the city center: the Sihl and the Limmat. During the warm summer months, adventurous locals and sporty swimmers often spend their afternoons battling the current, diving off platforms, or simply floating downstream. Scattered along the riverbanks are Badis — public river baths that provide enclosed areas for swimming. These open-air baths are typically open from May to September, serving as relaxing oases by day, and by late afternoon, they transform into buzzing riverside bars where locals gather for drinks and music.

If you prefer a more tranquil swimming experience, head to Lake Zurich, where swimming is another seasonal summer pastime. You can swim anywhere in the lake. Here, two small rocks can double as a makeshift beach. You’ll find people swimming alongside sailboats, paddle boards, and electric surfboards. As the sun begins to set, the lakeside scene comes alive with live music, laughter, and the clink of beer bottles, creating a laid-back summer vibe that stretches late into the night.

Swimming culture in Switzerland goes beyond rivers and lakes — it also includes a deep appreciation for thermal baths. One of the most unique spots to unwind in Zurich is the Hürlimannbad & Spa, located at the B2 Hotel. Set in the underground vaults of a former brewery, the spa’s baths are filled with Aqui water, drawn directly from a natural spring beneath the historic Hürlimann brewery. Rich in minerals and naturally warm, the water is known for its healing and soothing properties. Unlike river and lake swimming, Zurich’s thermal baths are open year-round, making them a favorite in colder months.

The food is fantastic, from fondue to fine dining.

Left: Fischerstube. Right: Corner café. Photos: Helene Bauer

Switzerland is famous for its cheese and chocolate — and rightfully so. If you’re eager to indulge in traditional Swiss fare, head to Swiss Chuchi, located in the heart of Zurich’s Old Town. As the first fondue restaurant in the area, it’s fully dedicated to classic Swiss cuisine. Feast on hearty dishes like spaetzli (a type of small, soft egg noodle), cheese fondue, cured meats, or Zürcher Geschnetzeltes (Zurich-style ragout) served with crispy rösti (potatoes shallow-fried in a pan).

You might not associate Switzerland with seafood, but fish plays an important role in the local cuisine — especially freshwater fish from the country’s many lakes. One of Zurich’s most beloved fish restaurants is Fischerstube, which serves the daily catch from Lake Zurich and nearby waters, set in a rustic old fishing hut perched on pillars over the lake. Book a table just before sunset to watch the sky turn fiery red over the water.

Of course, no culinary tour of Switzerland would be complete without chocolate. Be sure to visit the Lindt Home of Chocolate, which delivers a deep dive into the sweet world of Swiss chocolate. One of the highlights is the legendary chocolate fountain, where a staggering 1,400 liters (300+ gallons) of liquid chocolate cascade in a mesmerizing display.

But Swiss cuisine goes far beyond fondue, raclette, and truffles. Zurich is also home to the first vegetarian restaurant in the world. Founded in 1898, Haus Hiltl is still owned by the Hiltl family. At the time, vegetarianism was considered radical, so diners would sneak in through the back door to avoid being seen and mocked as “grass-eaters.” Today, Haus Hiltl is one of the city’s most popular spots, offering a self-service buffet and a packed dining room from morning to night.

Zurich also has a fine-dining culture that’s well worth exploring. In fact, Switzerland holds the record for the most Michelin-starred restaurants per capita. Included in that list are two-star restaurants such as IGNIV Zürich by Andreas Caminada and Widder Restaurant, alongside several one-star restaurants showcasing a range of cuisines. Chefs from around the globe have chosen to make Zurich their home, reimagining Swiss classics and bringing international flair to the city. The result is a dining scene that’s both rooted in tradition and refreshingly cosmopolitan.

Where to stay in Zurich

Left: B2 Hotel. Right: La Réserve Eden au Lac. Photos: Helene Bauer and Bumble Dee/Shutterstock

Zurich’s city center is home to luxury stays such as the Mandarin Oriental Savoy and La Réserve Eden au Lac. For more affordable options, however, we recommend venturing just outside the center. Two of our favorite hotels sit along the Sihl River in a more industrial part of the city, only a 20-minute walk from downtown.

One standout is the B2 Hotel Zurich, a boutique property housed in what was once Switzerland’s largest beer brewery. The 60-room hotel embraces its industrial heritage, with traces of the former brewery visible throughout. The gym, for instance, is set in the old pump hall, where guests can work out alongside the massive machinery once used to produce Hürlimann beer.

Another gem is the Home Hotel Zürich, which combines bold design with local history. Its aesthetic draws inspiration from the Dada movement, which originated in Zurich. The in-house restaurant, Loulou, is a lively French bistro serving classics such as moules frites (mussels and French fries), ratatouille, and côte de boeuf (thick-cut, bone-in ribeye).

Getting to and around Zurich

Photos: Rudy Balasko/Shutterstock and Alistair Scott/Shutterstock

Switzerland prides itself on its timely and efficient public transport. Travelers arriving from Zurich Airport, the largest international airport in the country, can hop on a quick 10-minute train from the airport straight to Zurich HB, the main train station, located right in the city center.

Zurich itself is compact, with most attractions clustered close together. Exploring on foot is often the best way to sightsee and soak in the city’s atmosphere. Many locals like to cycle. The city’s bike paths are clearly marked, and cyclists are well respected, making it a safe and convenient way to reach destinations slightly farther out or to enjoy a ride along the rivers or lake.

Zurich also has convenient bike-sharing options. PubliBike, the city’s official system, allows you to rent and return bikes or e-bikes at stations across town via the app or website. Alternatively, you can rent a bike for free from Züri rollt, available at the Europaplatz velostation in the city center.

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How Southwest’s Controversial New ‘Customer of Size’ Policy Compares to Other Airlines

Southwest Airlines has made quite a few policy changes lately that have irked frequent flyers, but its newest change is garnering extreme reactions on both sides of the debate.

In a shift away from what was one of its most inclusive policies, the airline announced that starting January 27,  2026, passengers who can’t sit comfortably within a single seat must purchase an extra seat at the time of booking. Both seats must be purchased in the same fare class. In effect, it means that larger passengers whose bodies extend past the armrest on either or both sides of the seat must pay for two seats. The policy does not apply to tall passengers whose legs don’t fit in the seat in front of them, as Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) requirements state that a passengers must fit within a single seat with seatbelt buckled. There’s no FAA rule that says your legs must fit behind the seat in front of you.

US federal law mandates that planes may not take off unless all passengers can sit in their seat with their seatbelt buckled. Photo: Tisha 85/Shutterstock

It’s a sharp departure from the airline’s former plus-size passenger policy, which was seen as one of the most generous and a reason many larger passengers chose to fly on Southwest. Before this new policy, passengers could request a free seat at the gate when space allowed, or choose to buy two seats, and have the second one refunded after the flight. Under the new policy, refunds for a second purchased seat will only be possible if the plane flies with at least one empty seat. If the plane is full, no refund will be given. Passengers who don’t buy a second seat but are unable to fit in a single seat may be bumped to a later flight, for which they’ll need to buy a second seat.

Responses to the news have been mixed, with some passengers bemoaning what they see as a loss of fairness and inclusivity for a broad range of body types. Others are applauding the decision, saying it will make flying more comfortable for other passengers. On both sides, travelers are pointing to it as one of many new changes that suggests Southwest is moving away from its reputation as a friendly, customer-first airline.

With Southwest no longer offering guaranteed refunds for larger flyers, travelers of size may be wondering if different airlines are more accommodating. Here’s how the other major US airlines stack up, and why there’s one airline that may be the clear winner going forward for plus-size passengers.

If you’re on the cusp of fitting comfortably in the seat, remember that all airlines offer seatbelt extenders on request, adding about 25 inches to the overall length. If you have no choice but two buy two seats, you may first want to look into the cost of flying Business Class or Premium Economy, both of which may have larger and more comfortable seats at a lower total cost.

Seatbelt extenders are no problem, but most armrests must be able to stay down without assistance. Photo: Parilov/Shutterstock

‘Customer of Size’ policies on major US airlines

Delta Air Lines

Average economy seat width: 17.3 inches

Plus-size Delta customers are “encouraged,” but not required, to buy an extra seat. There are no refund available for this second seat. If travelers choose not to buy a second seat but can’t comfortably fit in a single seat with both armrests lowered, they may be moved to a seat somewhere else on the plane that can accommodate them better (potentially in a less desirable location on the plane). If no empty seats are available or the passenger can’t be accommodated on the flight they booked, they’ll be rebooked on a later flight.

View Delta’s official “Extra Seat” policy here 

American Airlines

Average economy seat width: 16.2–18.4 inches

American Airlines’ policy states that passengers who can’t safely fit in a single seat must purchase an extra one, though the policy doesn’t explicitly mention that this is due to size reasons. Refunds for this second seat are not offered. These second seats should be booked by calling the American Reservations department. If you didn’t buy an extra seat, you can inquire about adding it to your reservation when you check in at the airport. If you can’t safely fit and a second seat isn’t available, you may be switched to a later flight. However, you’ll be able to buy the second seat on your new flight for the same cost as your original flight, saving some money in case the later flight is more expensive.

View American’s official “Extra Space During Travel” policy here

United Airlines

Average economy seat width: 17.3 inches

Like American, United requires that passengers who can’t fit in a seat with the armrests down, or who cut into the seat next to them, must purchase a second seat. This extra seat can be purchased at the same cost as the primary seat if you book them at the same time, but if you wait until you’re at the airport, the cost may be higher. No refunds are issued for the additional seat. It notes that passengers who buy two seats get twice the amount of checked baggage, though carry-on bag limits apply to each passenger, regardless of how many seats they purchased.

View United’s “Extra Seats” policy here

Alaska Airlines

Average economy seat width: 17 inches

When it comes to inclusive flying, former plus-size Southwest passengers may also want to see if Alaska flies their route, as the two airlines now have similar policies. Alaska requires plus-size passengers to buy an extra seat, and guarantees a refund if the flight has at least one empty seat. As with Southwest, you’ll need to contact the airline soon after your flight to request this refund. If you need an extra seat but didn’t purchase one, you’ll be asked to do so at the airport. The policy is only available to passengers whose size exceeds the seat width — in other words, if you’re not plus-size but try to buy a second seat next to you anyway, you won’t get it refunded.

View Alaska’s “Customers of Size” policy here

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Self-Care at Sea: 10 Wellness Cruises That Go Way Beyond the Spa

Without question, a cruise is one of the most relaxing ways to travel. You don’t need to make your bed, clean, cook, or even get your own drinks, since the crew takes care of it all. And on top of that, you get transported from one gorgeous destination to another without any effort – or even having to repack your bags.

That said, it’s possible to make your time at sea even more relaxing and beneficial. Many cruise lines now offer wellness-centered voyages that use your leisure time away from home to focus on physical and mental health. From yoga classes to meditation sessions, fitness training, tech detox programs, and unique spa treatments, some cruise lines are going all-out to provide travelers with all the trendy self-care services they’re craving.

If you’re finding the weight of the world a little heavy on your shoulders – or just desperate for a one-of-a-kind health reset – these 10 wellness cruises are some of the best you can book for 2025, 2026, and beyond.

A wellness cruise through the Galapagos

Photo: Ecoventura/Ollie Clarke

Length: 8 days, 7 nightsAvailability: Multiple sailings per yearStarting price: From $9,450 per person

As if cruising to see some of the most unique wildlife on earth aboard a luxurious, 20-person mega-yacht wasn’t special enough, Ecoventura ups the wellness factor by adding a self-care layer to its offerings. Several trips per year are special versions of the company’s two standard routes, and are designated as “wellness departures.”

Each of the two itineraries includes wellness-inspired elements and experiences meant to enhance your connection to the Galapagos. That includes silent snorkeling (so no coming up to the surface to yell that you found a multicolored octopus), grounding barefoot hiking, and ocean cold plunges alongside turtles, penguins, and sea lions.

On board, the zero-proof bar and health-conscious menu will keep you on the straight and narrow, and the spa treatments will have you all loosey-goosey in the best way possible. The best part of Ecoventura’s Wellness Departures, however, might be the optional digital detox. Guests are encouraged to place their devices in a bag in their cabin closet for the duration of the voyage. Cameras don’t count, of course, as those should be strapped to your neck at all times.

A pre- or post-holiday recovery cruise

Photo: Crystal Cruises

Length: 12-15 nightsAvailability: Annually in November and DecemberStarting price: From $5,500 per person

This year, Crystal Cruises timed its annual Wellness Retreat Cruises just right to help you recover from (or prepare for) the biggest holidays of the year. The wellness sailing from Lisbon to Ghana takes place during Thanksgiving, and the second one from Ghana to Cape Town is scheduled just before Christmas. While some are happy to be up to their elbows in turkey dinners, family gatherings, and gift shopping, opting out of it all to be taken care of by a fleet of wellness professionals on board a luxury ship might just be the ticket for you.

A nutritionist, a fitness specialist, a yoga and mental health expert, and a somatic therapist will be aboard the Crystal Symphony during each sailing to help guests achieve their wellness goals. The sailing will have extensive fitness and sports programs, morning yoga and meditation classes, and lectures and workshops on breathing and cold-exposure therapy.

Guests who want to dive deeper into their eating habits can even sign up for cooking classes or one-on-one nutritionist sessions to build detox plans. The excursions have a wellness focus, too, including nature hikes in Madeira and e-bike rides in the Namib Desert, among others. Of course, it wouldn’t be a wellness cruise without a wealth of spa treatments on offer; expect aromatherapy, acupuncture, and much more.

A floating wellness retreat entirely at sea

Photo: Scenic

Length: 10-13 daysAvailability: Multiple sailings in 2026 and 2027Starting price: From $6,495 per person

Scenic has only two ocean-sailing ships: Scenic Eclipse and Scenic Eclipse II, both ultra-luxury yachts. Both are equipped with wellness offerings, such as a gym, a yoga and pilates studio, and, most importantly, a 5,920-square-foot spa packed with all the bells and whistles. The yachts’ Senses Spas have saunas, steam rooms, pools, and salt therapy lounges.

But while that may all be fairly common for a ship of that caliber, what’s less common are the floating wellness retreats organized by the brand, with no days at port. Visitors stay on board for a full 10 days to experience yoga sessions, cooking lessons, expert-led lectures, and workshops on everything from holistic well-being to ice baths, pilates classes, facial and body treatments, and more. The more surprising offerings are undoubtedly the on-board aerial yoga, the star-gazing meditations, and the sound healing Tibetan bowls sessions.

Cruises with free perks during ‘Well-Being Season’

Photo: Virgin Voyages

Length: VariousAvailability: January 2-23, 2026Starting price: From $1,492 per cabin

Virgin Voyages knows that January is when most people decide to better themselves, or at least try to stick to their New Year’s resolutions. That’s why the cruise line calls it the “Well-Being Season.” In January, all Virgin Voyages sailings departing between January 2 and January 23, 2026 will have an extra layer of wellness offerings, like additional group fitness classes (such as yoga, spinning, HIIT, posture training), healthier menu options throughout the ships’ food and drink venues, health-focused workshops, custom wellness programs and training sessions, and more spa experiences.

Some of the stand-out treatments on offer at the brand’s Redemption Spa include the Quartz Bed Massage, during which guests lay on a bed of amber crystals that supposedly help soothe tense muscles. The Mud Room, where guests apply mud masks in a humid steam room, is another favorite on board Virgin vessels. All Virgin Voyages are adults only, which may provide some extra relation if you spent the holidays surrounded by family.

Cruises with onboard Nordic spas

Photo: Viking Cruises

Length: VariousAvailability: VariousStarting price: From $1,492 per cabin

What Viking lacks in wellness-themed sailings, it makes up for in Nordic-inspired spas on its ocean and expedition ships, access to which is complimentary for all guests. In the various LivNordic Spas, guests can experience traditional Nordic wellness treatments based on the cycle of heat and cold. A pore-clearing session in the steam room or dry sauna could be followed by a few minutes in the “Snow Grotto,” where real snow falls from the ceiling. If that’s too chilly, you could immediately jump in the badestamp (Nordic hot tub) before sinking into a warming lounge chair.

Aboard the Viking Polaris and Viking Octantis, there are even relaxing “Warming Caves,” and the badestamp has a window to enjoy the scenery while soaking, even in the Arctic. As access to this is included for all guests, it makes Viking Cruises’ offerings some of the most affordable wellness cruises on the market.

For an extra fee, Viking guests can book spa treatments like a “Hygge Massage” on a warm sand bed, or “Arctic Cure” treatment with dry brushing and gua sha massages. And don’t miss out on “Nordic Bathing Night,” during which you may or may not be gently whipped with fresh birch twigs.

A naturopath-guided South Pacific cruise

Photo: Paul Gauguin Cruises

Length: 11 nightsAvailability: Departing Sept. 27, 2025Starting price: From $7,960 per person

Sailing through the turquoise waters of French Polynesia is far from a stress-inducing endeavor. But the good people at Paul Gauguin Cruises have a chance to relax even more while spending 11 nights pampered by wellness experts. Paul Gauguin Cruises’ naturopath-guided trip is a special sailing offered only once per year. In 2025, it’ll be led by acclaimed naturopath Dr. Sarah Rothman and renowned yoga instructor Tammy Gibson. Guests have access to morning yoga sessions, outdoors pilates classes, and a variety of workshops and lectures on topics such as spinal alignment, gyrokinesis, aging, detoxification, and more. Of course, in between bouts of self-improvement, you’ll also get to snorkel, kayak, hike, swim, scuba, and lounge on the beach of the cruise line’s own private island.

Cruises with zero-gravity massages and caviar treatments

Photo: Celebrity Cruises

Length: VariousAvailability: VariousStarting price: From under $300 per person

Nearly all modern cruise ship spas have a range of run-of-the-mill treatments like manicures, massages, and facials. Some of these spas even have private thermal areas with amenities like hot tubs, saunas, and steam rooms.

Most Celebrity Cruises ships have all the above, but the cruise line made its spas a little more exciting by adding some unusual treatments to its menu – 120 treatments, to be exact. From hair treatments with caviar to zero-gravity massage, teeth whitening, and IV therapies and injections, Celebrity is getting quite innovative when it comes to wellness at sea.

Of course, those aren’t included in the price of your cruise, so you’ll have to budget extra. Fortunately, Celebrity Cruises tend to have fairly approachable starting price points. If you spring for the brand’s AquaClass and Aqua Sky Suite staterooms, you’ll get some perks included, such as cashmere mattresses, pillow menus, and what the brand calls “clean cuisine” at the AquaClass exclusive restaurant, Blu.

River cruises with ‘Champagne Yoga’ classes

Photo: AMA Waterways

Length: 7 nightsAvailability: Departs July 6, 2026Starting price: From $3,199 per person

AmaWaterways’ Wellness Cruises are about both relaxation and mindfulness, as well as physical wellness in the form of fitness classes, pilates, resistance band stretching, cardio, and dance. And in ports, activities include outdoor pursuits like guided hikes and biking excursions, all led by expert guides. Some ships even have pickleball courts.

So far, the announced AmaWaterways wellness-focused cruise for 2026 is along the Danube River, sailing from Budapest to Vilshofen, Germany. Activities include visits to exclusive spas in port, on-board lectures by holistic health expert guests, and menus that offer lighter, healthier choices. While most activities are wellness-focused, there are still high-end elements, like “champagne yoga” classes and “detoxifying gemstone water” – so it’s likely you can still indulge a bit while you’re there without anyone raising an eyebrow.

Cruises with optional thermal suites and salt pools

A lounge inside a new NCL Thermal Suite. Photo: Norwegian Cruise Lines

Length: VariousAvailability: VariousStarting price: From $250 per person

Norwegian Cruise Line’s spas are built to impress. Its newest ships, called the Norwegian Aqua and Norwegian Luna, have over-the-top features to entice travelers, like two-story indoor waterfalls, marble staircases, outdoor “lawn” games, and more.

But it’s what’s inside the thermal suites on the brand’s newest ships that will have you buzzing with excitement. That includes the first clay-walled sauna at sea, a charcoal sauna with activated charcoal walls, a salt pool for float therapy, an ice room, and a salt room. If you’re not relaxed, exfoliated, and detoxified after passing through all of those, you may need more than a wellness cruise to solve your problems.

Unfortunately, access to the thermal suite is not included in the cost of sailings. Access to the thermal suite ranges from $200 to around $500 depending on the ship, with single-day passes priced around $70-$90. Spa treatments are also additional, including some unique services, such as IV drip therapy, crystal quartz therapies, and massages on lightly vibrating beds. Fortunately, like Celebrity Cruises, Norwegian’s starting prices for cruises tend to be very affordable.

An Amazon river cruise led by a mindfulness expert

Photo: Delfin Amazon Cruises

Length: 4 nights, 5 days Availability: September 23-27, 2025Starting price: From $5,000 per person

A cruise on the Upper Peruvian Amazon isn’t your average river cruise. For one, you’re likely to spot pink dolphins, sloths, and all sorts of monkeys, and that certainly never happens when sailing the Danube. Second, you get to see Pacaya Samiria National Reserve, the largest protected flooded forest on earth.

But if you want to take your Amazon cruise to the next level, Delfin’s upcoming Wellness Voyage might be a perfect fit. It’s the only Relais & Château cruise line sailing the Amazon River and is an all-inclusive, four-night sailing led by “mindfulness alchemist” Brisa Deneumostier. The 44 guests on board Delfin III will fill their days with yoga and qigong sessions while learning about Amazonian natural medicine and practicing mindfulness exercises to connect deeply with the surrounding forest. A wellness-focused chef will offer a mostly plant-based menu made with fresh Amazonian ingredients and superfoods.

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New England covered bridge road trip

New England is fall central. Every year when the temperature drops, visitors come in droves to see the region’s trees put on their most colorful show, changing their leaves from vibrant greens to soothing yellows, oranges, and reds. The spectacle is a great way to reconnect with nature and celebrate the new season, but as it turns out, looking at nothing but falling leaves for days on end can be a tad monotonous — you might want to add a new treasure hunt to your fall foliage road trip. In between collecting fallen maple leaves, look for some of the most romantic covered bridges in New England.

No one really knows the origins of covered bridges — some say the roof was meant to protect the wood from rotting or the frost in winter, or even to ease the passage of fearful animals over a river — but we know for sure that they were all the rage in 19th-century America. There are almost 200 of these wooden structures spread among Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island, and they make for fun visits and great photo opportunities — especially when the background is a lovely shade of gold.

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Maine | New Hampshire | Vermont | Massachusetts | Connecticut | Rhode Island

The best of Maine’s covered bridges

Lovejoy Bridge – Photo: mark stephens photography/Shutterstock

Maine once had around 120 covered bridges, but today fewer than ten remain. To begin your road trip, head to Lovejoy Bridge in South Andover, a small town near the New Hampshire border. Built in 1868, this 70-foot Paddleford-truss span is the shortest covered bridge in Maine, but it makes up for its size with plenty of charm. The white and red gables add a bright touch against the surrounding forest, and you can still drive across before continuing south toward the state’s most famous covered bridge.

Sunday River Bridge – Photo: mark stephens photography/Shutterstock

Just 20 miles away in the town of Newry, the Sunday River Bridge — better known as the Artist’s Bridge — has been inspiring painters and photographers for more than a century. Built in 1872, the bridge stretches 87 feet over the Sunday River and is one of the most photographed covered bridges in New England. Closed to traffic since the 1950s, it’s a peaceful place to walk across, admire the granite abutments and Paddleford truss design, and take in the beauty of the mountains around you.

Hemlock Bridge – Photo: mark stephens photography/Shutterstock

Continue south for about 40 miles and you’ll reach Hemlock Bridge near Fryeburg. Dating back to 1857, this 109-foot bridge is one of the oldest in the state and still open to vehicles. Set in farmland at the edge of the White Mountains, it feels like a natural transition point as you make your way toward New Hampshire.

If you want to turn this part of the trip into an overnight stop, there are good bases in each of the towns tied to these bridges. Bethel and Newry are lively mountain towns with access to Sunday River and hiking trails, Fryeburg sits right on the edge of the White Mountains, and South Andover offers a quieter rural escape. Each has charming Airbnbs and small local stays, making it easy to spend a night before heading deeper into covered-bridge country.

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The best covered bridges in New Hampshire

Swift River Bridge – Photo: mark stephens RaulCano/Shutterstock

New Hampshire has more than 50 covered bridges scattered across the state, many tucked into valleys and small towns that look like they haven’t changed in generations. To get a sense of the highlights, start with the Swift River Bridge in Conway, just across the Maine border. Painted a deep red, the 133-foot bridge was originally built in 1850 but washed downstream during a flood less than twenty years later. It was rebuilt using pieces from both the Swift River and Saco River bridges, giving it a patchwork past that makes it one of the more unusual bridges in the region.

Sentinel Pine Bridge – Photo: mark stephens Xavier Ascanio/Shutterstock

About 40 miles to the west is the Sentinel Pine Bridge, built in 1939 inside Franconia Notch State Park. Unlike most in New England, this one wasn’t built for vehicles but for hikers on the Flume Gorge Trail. It was constructed over the Pemigewasset River to preserve the trunk of a towering pine tree that had blown down the year before. Today, the bridge blends into the surrounding trail, shaded by forest and echoing with the sound of the gorge below.

Flume Bridge – Photo: James Kirkikis/Shutterstock

If you’d rather not hike, the Flume Bridge is only a short drive away. Built in 1871, the 50-foot bridge crosses the Pemigewasset in classic red-and-white New England style and is easy to reach by car.

Bath-Haverhill Bridge – Photo: jejim/Shutterstock

Keep heading west and you’ll reach the Bath-Haverhill Bridge, which spans the Ammonoosuc River on the Vermont border. Dating back to 1829, it’s the oldest covered bridge still in use in the state and is open to vehicle traffic, carrying Route 135 between the two towns.

New Hampshire’s bridges stretch across much of the state, so where you base yourself depends on how much you want to see. Conway makes a convenient gateway if you’re coming from Maine and the White Mountains, while Lincoln and Franconia are ideal for exploring Franconia Notch and its surrounding trails. Bath and Haverhill, near the Vermont line, feel quieter and more rural, with access to some of the state’s oldest bridges.

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The best covered bridges in Vermont

Bath-Haverhill Bridge – Photo: Wallace Weeks/Shutterstock

Vermont is home to more than 100 covered bridges, far too many to see in one trip. A good place to begin is the town of Woodstock, about an hour southwest of the Bath-Haverhill Bridge in New Hampshire.

Lincoln Bridge – Photo: Lori Ellis/Shutterstock

Within a short drive you can visit three of the state’s most distinctive spans. The bright red Taftsville Bridge and the Middle Bridge both sit right in town, easy to cross on foot, by bike, or by car. Just west in the village of West Woodstock, the Lincoln Bridge stretches 136 feet over the Ottauquechee River and shows off a less common lattice-truss design.

Cornish-Windsor Bridge – Photo: Albert Pego/Shutterstock

From here, head about 20 miles south to the Cornish-Windsor Bridge, which connects Vermont and New Hampshire across the Connecticut River. At 450 feet, it’s the longest wooden covered bridge in the country and has been fully rebuilt since its original 19th-century construction. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places, it still carries vehicle traffic today.

Kidder Hill Bridge – Photo: Stephen Furlong/Shutterstock

Continue south toward Massachusetts and you’ll reach Kidder Hill Bridge in Grafton. Built in 1867, this 67-foot crossing over the Saxton River sits in a quiet corner of town, making it a good last stop before continuing on to the next state.

If you’re planning to stay in Vermont, Woodstock makes the most convenient hub, with easy access to several bridges and a lively town center full of restaurants and shops. Grafton offers a smaller, more rural base if you prefer to be close to Kidder Hill Bridge and the quieter byways of southern Vermont.

The best covered bridges in Massachusetts

Kidder Hill Bridge – Photo: Colin D. Young/Shutterstock

Massachusetts used to have more than 100 wooden covered bridges in the heyday of the structure. Today, there are far fewer and many of them are 20th-century replicas meant to preserve the heritage of this particular architecture.

Start with the Arthur A. Smith Bridge in Colrain (about 55 miles south of Kidder Hill Bridge), close to the border between Vermont and Massachusetts. The 100-foot-long red bridge dates back from 1870 (although it was moved from a spot further down in 1886) and crosses the North River, but you can’t drive over it as it’s pedestrian-only.

Bissell Bridge – Photo: Bob Pool/Shutterstock

Only 20 minutes southwest is Bissell Bridge. A much more recent creation, it was completed in 1951 and crosses Mill Brook. Bissell Bridge is only for pedestrians, but there is parking nearby so you can explore it on foot easily.

Upper Sheffield Bridge – Photo: Dan Hanscom/Shutterstock

From there, drive 60 miles south towards Connecticut to check out Upper Sheffield Bridge. Built in 1999 to replace the original 1832 bridge that was destroyed in a fire, Upper Sheffield Bridge crosses the Housatonic River. Again, this bridge is for foot traffic only.

The bridges in western Massachusetts are spread between the hill towns of the northern Berkshires and the river valleys farther south. Around Colrain and Charlemont, near the Arthur A. Smith and Bissell bridges, rentals are set among forested hillsides with access to hiking and river activities. In Sheffield, by the Upper Sheffield Bridge, the landscape shifts to farmland and small village centers along the Housatonic. Staying in either part of the region gives you a very different perspective on the landscapes that shaped these bridges.

The best covered bridges in Connecticut

Cornwall Bridge – Photo: Paul Brady Photography/Shutterstock

There aren’t many remaining wooden covered bridges in CT, but the ones that are there exude historical charm. Start with West Cornwall Bridge, 20 miles south of Upper Sheffield Bridge in Massachusetts. This bright red 242-foot-long covered bridge was built in 1841 above the Housatonic River and is open to vehicle traffic as it is part of Route 128.

Kent Falls Bridge – Photo: Jennifer Yakey-Ault/Shutterstock

Fewer than 10 miles south in Kent Falls State Park, look for the Kent Falls Bridge, a 20th-century creation that is a pop of color in the natural landscape. Kent Falls Bridge is a small, 37-foot pedestrian bridge above Kent Falls Brook that makes for a great photo opp.

Bulls Bridge – Photo: Nancy Kennedy/Shutterstock

Drive 15 minutes farther south to check out Bulls Bridge in Gaylordsville. The 1842 wooden structure is not as colorful as its two predecessors, but it’s very quaint nonetheless. It is 109 feet long and crosses the Housatonic River. Bulls Bridge is open to vehicle traffic.

The best covered bridges in Rhode Island

Swamp Meadow – Photo: Joseph Sohm/Shutterstock

There are few surviving covered bridges in Rhode Island. The most famous of them is Swamp Meadow Covered Bridge. Drive two-and-a-half hours and 140 miles across the state of Connecticut from Bulls Bridge, and you’ll reach this replica of a 19th-century structure that looks very much the part. The wooden structure was built in 1994 by an all-volunteer crew and it is the only covered bridge on a public road in the state of Rhode Island.

Because Rhode Island is compact, this stop works best as an extension of a foliage drive through Connecticut or Massachusetts. By mid- to late October, southern New England is often still showing strong color even after the northern states have passed their peak, making it a good final chapter for a fall itinerary.

For an overnight base, Foster is rural and close to the bridge itself, with country roads and a scattering of rentals. If you’d rather add some city time to the trip, Providence is less than an hour away and gives you more dining and nightlife before or after a day of bridge-hopping.

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Planning a Fall Foliage Trip? Here’s Why Colors Vary in Each US Region and What to Expect

Deciduous trees dramatically drop their leaves every fall around the world. And though the process of the changing colors is similar, it looks just a little different everywhere you go thanks to the types of trees native to (and adapted to) each place.

In the United States, New England gets most of the attention for its patchwork of colors, while leaf peepers in the Rocky Mountains know to expect mountains covered in golden aspens. Those are far from the only places with stunning fall foliage, though, whether you want to travel by train or focus just on national parks. Or maybe you just want to spend a long weekend in an Airbnb surrounded by the colors of the season. Local plant species, the weather that year, and shorter days all play a role in exactly when and how vibrant the colors are regardless of location.

As long summer days shorten, trees sense the longer nights and gradually shut down chlorophyll production. Chlorophyll makes leaves green, and when it fades, yellow and orange carotenoids that are already in the leaves shine through. At the same time, temperature and weather shape the vibrancy of those hues. Warm, sunny days paired with cool, but not freezing, nights trap sugars in leaves and trigger the production of anthocyanins, the pigments responsible for brilliant reds and purples, in some trees. Too much rain, drought stress, or an early frost, however, can dull colors or cause leaves to drop before they peak.

But the most important factor is where you are and what trees grow there. Without the trees, there are simply no fall colors.

The science behind which trees turn which color

Infographic: Matador Network

Leaves contain pigments that absorb and reflect different wavelengths of sunlight. Chlorophyll absorbs red and blue light but reflects green light, for example, so that’s why healthy leaves appear green. When chlorophyll breaks down in autumn, it no longer dominates the spectrum so the pigments that remain become visible.

Chlorophyll: This green pigment is abundant during the growing season, masking other pigments. As days shorten and trees cut off nutrients to leaves, chlorophyll degrades, revealing the hues underneath.

Carotenoids and flavonols: Always present in leaves, carotenoids are responsible for yellows, oranges, and golds found in birches, aspens, hickories, and sugar maples. Chemically stable, these pigments remain to show off their colors once chlorophyll degrades. Flavonols often overlap with carotenoids and show a more subtle pale yellow.

Anthocyanins: Trees make anthocyanins in the fall, especially when warm days and cool nights trap sugars in leaves. They produce reds and purples in trees like red maples, sourwoods, dogwoods, and black gums. It’s the same compound that makes flowers purple and pink, gives blueberries and blackberries their color, and turns eggplant skin purple. There are a couple of theories why trees make anthocyanins in the fall. One is that it acts as sunscreen when the chlorophyll degrades. Or the compounds may act as antioxidants as the tree shuts down for the winter just as anthocyanins help humans get rid of free radicals in their body — with the added benefit of deterring pests looking for a safe place to lay their eggs.

Tannins: These compounds give oaks their characteristic browns and russets. Tannins are structural and defensive compounds, making oak leaves tougher and more resistant to decay. Tannins are what’s left to give the leaves their color once the other pigments have faded, according to The Farmer’s Almanac.

What trees and colors to expect in regions across the US

Fall colors start farther north and head south as the season progresses — with some variation where higher altitudes turn first. Alaska comes first in August. Northern Minnesota, Maine, and the Rockies can see changes as early as mid-September. The Northeast, Great Lakes, and lower elevation areas of the Mountain West generally peak in October. The South and Texas Hill Country can out even into late November.

The exact timing predictions vary year by year, but here’s what trees and colors you can expect to see in the fall in each region — and some parks and scenic byways to catch all the colors.

Northeast and New England

Bog River near Tupper Lake in Adirondack Park, New York. Photo: pics721 /Shutterstock

Trees and colors:

Orange-red sugar maplesScarlet red maplesGolden yellow birchesRed-to-russet oaks

Typical peak: Late September in northern Maine, Vermont, and New Hampshire; early October in the Adirondacks; mid-to-late October across Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island.

Where to go:

Kancamagus Highway in New HampshireGreen Mountain Byway in VermontAdirondack High Peaks Scenic Byway in New YorkAcadia National Park in MaineMid-Atlantic and Appalachians

Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Photo: Weidman Photography/Shutterstock

Trees and colors:

Golden bronze hickoriesCrimson sourwood and black tupeloPurple-red dogwoodsRed-to-russet oaks

Typical peak: Mid-October in Pennsylvania and Virginia; late October into early November across the Blue Ridge and Great Smoky Mountains.

Where to go:

Blue Ridge Parkway in Virginia and North CarolinaSkyline Drive in Shenandoah National Park, VirginiaGreat Smoky Mountains National Park in Tennessee and North CarolinaMidwest and Great Lakes

Cuyahoga Valley National Park in Ohio. Photo: Wildnerdpix/Shutterstock

Trees and colors:

Orange-red sugar maplesGolden yellow aspens and birchesGolden bronze hickoriesRed-to-russet oaks

Typical peak: Early-to-mid October across northern Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota; mid-to-late October in the southern Great Lakes states of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois.

Where to go:

Door County, WisconsinM-22 Scenic Drive in MichiganCuyahoga Valley National Park in OhioGreat River Road in IllinoisRockies and Intermountain West

Angel Fire, New Mexico. Photo: Jim and Lynne Weber/Shutterstock

Trees and colors:

Golden aspensYellow narrowleaf cottonwoodsOrange-red Gambel oaks

Typical peak: Late September to early October at high elevations in Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, and Montana; mid-October in valleys.

Where to go:

Trail Ridge Road in Rocky Mountain National Park, ColoradoGrand Teton National Park in WyomingEnchanted Circle Scenic Byway near Taos, New MexicoLogan Canyon Scenic Byway in UtahPacific Northwest

Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area in Oregon. Photo: Bob Pool /Shutterstock

Trees and colors:

Golden western larches (the only deciduous conifer)Yellow bigleaf maplesRed-and-orange vine maplesRust-colored alders and cottonwoods

Typical peak: Mid-to-late October in the Cascades and Olympics; early November in lower elevations and coastal valleys.

Where to go:

North Cascades National Park in WashingtonColumbia River Gorge in Oregon and WashingtonMount Rainier National Park in WashingtonSilver Falls State Park in OregonSouth

Lost Maples State Natural Area in Texas Hill Country. Photo: Silvio Ligutti/Shutterstock

Trees and colors:

Red-and-purple sweetgumsOrange-yellow sassafrasRed dogwoodsGolden-bronze hickoriesRusset oaks

Typical peak: October in the Ozarks; November in the Deep South and Texas Hill Country.

Where to go:

Scenic Byway 7 through the Ozark National Forest in ArkansasNatchez Trace Parkway in Mississippi and TennesseeLost Maples State Natural Area in TexasCalifornia

Napa Valley. Photo: Zhuo Wen Chen/Shutterstock

Trees and colors:

Golden aspensYellow black cottonwoodsRed dogwoodsYellow-orange bigleaf maplesMulticolored vineyards (golds, oranges, burgundies)

Typical peak: Late September to mid-October in the Sierra Nevada high country; October to early November in Yosemite Valley and the wine regions of Napa and Sonoma.

Where to go:

June Lake Loop and Bishop Creek Canyon in the Eastern SierraYosemite ValleyNapa and Sonoma wine countryShasta Cascade alpine lakes and forests in Northern CaliforniaMore like thisTravelThe 14 Best Places for Leaf Peeping in the United States

11 spectacular US waterfalls in fall

Niagara gets a lot of hype, and so does Yosemite, but the US is littered with amazing waterfalls. If there’s only one thing this country knows how to do (and there might be), it’s rack up natural wonders. You might think you know all the big ones, and you might think the rest are all smushed into the Pacific Northwest, but there are dozens worth knowing about. Some are major state attractions, others a reward for those who bother to make the trek. And autumn is the season when waterfalls feel their most powerful. The air is cooler, trails are brighter, and the surrounding forests ignite with color, turning these landscapes into some of the country’s best fall scenes. From Washington to New York, here are the most impresive waterfalls to see in the country’s most spectacular season.

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Northeast & Mid-Atlantic | Southeast | Midwest | West

Kaaterskill Falls, New York

Photo: AndTheyTravel/Shutterstock

One of the tallest waterfalls in the Eastern US, Kaaterskill Falls plunges 260 feet in two tiers through a sandstone amphitheater in the Catskills. It’s been a muse for artists and writers since the 19th century, when the Hudson River School painters immortalized it as a symbol of untamed wilderness. Today, a short trail from Laurel House Road leads to safe overlooks, while a steeper descent brings you close to the base. In autumn, when the surrounding forest erupts in reds and golds, the two-tiered cascade becomes one of the most dramatic sights in New York’s mountains.

Taughannock Falls, New York

Photo: Michael Shake/Shutterstock

Pronounced tuh-GA-nick, Taughannock Falls is the tallest single-drop waterfall east of the Rockies — plunging 215 feet, 33 feet higher than Niagara. About 10 miles north of Ithaca, Taughannock Falls State Park delivers big drama without the lines and attractions that surround its famous cousin. The 0.75-mile Gorge Trail offers a quick and easy walk to the base, while the 1.5-mile North Rim and 1.2-mile South Rim trails climb above the gorge for sweeping views. In fall, the surrounding cliffs and forests ignite in shades of copper and gold, making the towering waterfall feel even more striking against the season’s colors.

Traveling this fall? Check out Matador’s guides to the leaf-peeping season: The 14 Best Places for Leaf Peeping in the United States The Cutest A-Frame Airbnbs for a Perfect Holiday Season Escape in the Northeast 16 Haunted Airbnbs You Can Actually Spend the Night In This Halloween 16 Scenic Train Rides to See the Best Fall Foliage in the US New England’s Most Breathtaking Fall Foliage Road Trips The Most Wish-Listed US Cabins on Airbnb

Amicalola Falls, Georgia

Photo: Sean Pavone/Shutterstock

“Tumbling Water” — that’s what Amicalola means in Cherokee, and you’ll feel the name’s power as this waterfall plunges 729 feet over multiple tiers, earning its status as the tallest cascading waterfall east of the Mississippi and one of Georgia’s “Seven Natural Wonders.” Set amid more than 800 acres within the Chattahoochee National Forest, this park is both a fall leaf-lover’s dream and an adventurer’s hub. From the gentle stroll to the base of the falls to the legendary East Ridge Trail that climbs via staircases and switchbacks to scenic overlooks, there’s a trail for every interest and energy level. Fall here is spectacular. The hardwood forest blazes with shades of red, orange, and gold, and from the overlooks you can watch the long white ribbons of the falls cutting through the autumn canopy.

Burgess Falls, Tennessee

Photo: Scott Alan Ritchie/Shutterstock

Just a short drive — less than 90 minutes — from Nashville lies Burgess Falls, a dramatic finale to a quartet of waterfalls tumbling 250 feet over limestone ledges within Burgess Falls State Park. The Falling Water River builds through a cascade of smaller drops before launching over the final 136-foot plunge into a narrow gorge framed by sheer 150-foot bluffs. What makes Burgess stand out is its multi-fall sequence — you stroll past minor cascades, Middle Falls, and then the breathtaking main drop — all on a well-marked 1.5-mile loop. Fall adds another dimension: the mixed mesophytic forest explodes in saffron, russet, and poppy hues, and the contrast of bright leaves against the gray limestone is simply stunning. Expect a bit of effort — there are stairs and uneven ground near the overlook — but the payoff is a waterfall that feels wild, perfect for any fall itinerary.

Cumberland Falls, Kentucky

Photo: Alexey Stiop/Shutterstock

At 68 feet tall and 125 feet wide, Cumberland Falls is the largest waterfall by volume south of Niagara in the Eastern US. But size isn’t what makes it famous — Cumberland is home to the moonbow, a lunar rainbow that arcs across the mist on clear nights around the full moon. It’s the only place in the Western Hemisphere where this phenomenon happens regularly. Though easily accessible via the Cumberland Falls State Resort Park, you could also raft the Cumberland River in the Daniel Boone National Forest for an up-close view of the cascade. In autumn, the surrounding maples and oaks blaze in shades of red and gold, and the earlier nightfall makes for prime moonbow conditions.

Linville Falls, North Carolina

Photo: Craig Zerbe/Shutterstock

Along the Blue Ridge Parkway at milepost 316, Linville Falls is the most popular waterfall in the Blue Ridge Mountains — and for good reason. Cascading in three tiers into the depths of Linville Gorge, sometimes called the “Grand Canyon of the Southern Appalachians,” the falls mark the dramatic start of this rugged wilderness. The network of trails offers something for every traveler: the moderate 1.6-mile Erwins View Trail delivers multiple overlooks with different perspectives of the waterfall and gorge; an alternate trail takes you closer to the river’s roar; and a more strenuous path leads down toward the base for those who want to see the power of the falls up close. In autumn, the forest canopy turns brilliant shades of scarlet, amber, and gold, framing the falls in striking seasonal color.

Minnehaha Falls, Minnesota

Photo: AMB-MD Photography/Shutterstock

Set within Minneapolis’ Minnehaha Regional Park, this 53-foot cascade is one of the country’s most celebrated urban waterfalls. The falls tumble over limestone bluffs into a tree-lined gorge, just steps from the Mississippi River and the city’s famed Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. In fall, oaks, elms, and silver maples ignite in brilliant color, framing the waterfall in a canopy of gold and crimson. And if you return in winter, the flow freezes into a shimmering curtain of ice, turning the park into a dramatic cold-weather spectacle.

Tahquamenon Falls, Michigan

Photo: Doug Lemke/Shutterstock

Tahquamenon Falls is either two or six falls, depending on your perception. The Upper Falls — a 50-foot drop and nearly 200 feet across — is the dramatic centerpiece, its tannin-stained waters earning it the nickname “Root Beer Falls.” A few miles downstream, the Lower Falls tumble in five smaller cascades around a wooded island. The surrounding Tahquamenon Falls State Park covers nearly 50,000 acres, making it one of Michigan’s largest. Trails, campgrounds, and abundant wildlife make it a year-round destination, but in autumn the forest erupts in red, orange, and gold — a colorful contrast to the amber river. A new accessible boardwalk at the Upper Falls is expected to open in 2025, adding fresh vantage points on one of the Midwest’s most spectacular seasonal scenes.

Burney Falls, California

Photo: Del Mundo Imagery/Shutterstock

Burney Falls plunges 129 feet in a broad, shimmering curtain, fed year-round by underground springs that pour more than 100 million gallons of water over its cliff each day. The steady flow means the falls never run dry, even late in the season, making them one of California’s most reliable natural spectacles. The waterfall sits within McArthur–Burney Falls Memorial State Park in Northern California, a 900-acre stretch of forest, trails, and lakeshore. In autumn, fiery oaks and golden maples surround the deep blue pool at its base, creating one of the most striking seasonal scenes in the state.

Latourell Falls, Oregon

Photo: Bob Pool/Shutterstock

On the Historic Columbia River Scenic Byway — where Multnomah Falls draws the biggest crowds — Latourell Falls offers a more peaceful but no less dramatic stop. The waterfall drops 224 feet in a single, straight plunge over cliffs of columnar basalt streaked with lime-green lichen, making it one of the most striking sights in the Gorge. A short paved trail takes you right to the base, where the spray rises from the plunge pool, while a longer loop winds uphill through forest to the quieter Upper Latourell Falls. Come fall, maples and bigleaf trees turn the canyon brilliant shades of yellow and gold, adding a fiery frame to the dark volcanic rock. With its easy access and photogenic setting, Latourell is one of the best alternatives to Multnomah for a autumn visit.

Palouse Falls, Washington

Photo: kan_khampanya/Shutterstock

Out of Eastern Washington’s ancient lava beds and dry scablands rises Palouse Falls, a mesmerizing cascade that plunges 200 feet into a swirling pool below. Carved by the Ice Age–era Missoula Floods, it stands amid near-400-foot basalt cliffs that showcase the raw power of Pleistocene geology. Spring brings the heaviest flows, but autumn has its own magic: golden light softens the canyon, cottonwoods and willows glow amber, and the cooler air keeps crowds away. Three designated viewpoints, including the dramatic Fryxell Overlook high above the gorge, offer safe but striking perspectives of the falls.

Shoshone Falls, Idaho

Photo: tusharkoley/Shutterstock

Nicknamed the “Niagara of the West” — and standing 45 feet taller than its namesake — the Snake River’s Shoshone Falls doesn’t need the comparison. The 212-foot cascade, nearly 900 feet across, thunders over a basalt rim carved by Ice Age floods, just outside the town of Twin Falls. Spring is when the falls put on their wildest show, but don’t overlook a visit in autumn. Even if irrigation and hydropower have thinned the flow, the canyon walls glow gold with cottonwoods and aspens, and the overlooks are far less crowded. The surrounding park offers picnic areas, trails, and overlooks with sweeping views of the Snake River Canyon.

Snoqualmie Falls, Washington

Photo: Sean Pavone/Shutterstock

Twice as high as Niagara, Snoqualmie Falls packs in over one million visitors a year, making it Washington’s second-most popular attraction after Mount Rainier. You might recognize its misty plunge from Twin Peaks, and it has also been a sacred site for the Snoqualmie Tribe for centuries. At 268 feet tall, the cascade has long been a place of spiritual power, and in 2019 the Snoqualmie Tribe reclaimed ownership of the falls, the historic lodge, and 45 surrounding acres. Today, two observation decks make it easy to experience the thundering drop from different angles. In autumn, when the surrounding maples blaze gold and scarlet, the falls take on an even more cinematic quality. Cooler air means fewer visitors, and the viewpoints feel calmer, giving you time to take in the roar, the mist, and the sweep of the valley that has inspired both legends and television.

Upper Mesa Falls, Idaho

Photo: Barry Bjork/Shutterstock

Upper Mesa Falls crashes more than 100 feet over volcanic cliffs, a curtain of whitewater as tall as a ten-story building. Just a mile downstream, Lower Mesa Falls continues the spectacle with another thundering drop. Together, they form one of the last stretches of the Snake River left completely wild — most of its other waterfalls have long been harnessed by dams. The falls are easily reached along the Mesa Falls Scenic Byway in Targhee National Forest, not far from Yellowstone. A paved boardwalk and viewing platforms put you right at the edge, where autumn paints the surrounding aspens and alders gold against the black basalt. It’s a raw, powerful scene, and one of the region’s best fall detours.

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Inside Six Flags Qiddiya City: Saudi Arabia’s Mega Theme Park Set to Open in 2025

Six Flags is branching out from North America with its first international theme park slated to open on the outskirts of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, by the end of 2025. Six Flags Qiddiya City is the corporation’s 28th property, joining the 27 amusement hubs in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Fittingly, the latest venture touts a grand total of 28 rides and attractions divided across six themed lands, with five of the rides on track to break records. At the same time, a water park tipped to be the largest in the Middle East is under development as part of the wider Qiddiya City entertainment complex.

Themed lands and record-breaking rides at Six Flags Qiddiya City

Rendering courtesy of Six Flags

City of Thrills contains the bulk of the extreme rides, including Falcon’s Flight – set to be the world’s tallest, fastest, and longest roller coaster with top speeds of 155 mph. Sirocco, the tallest free-standing shot tower, is the perfect warm-up. At the opposite end of the scale, Twilight Gardens is a whimsical wonderland pitched at families with younger children. The Enchanted Greenhouse and the Twilight Express will ease the littlest of kids into the world of adventure.

Steam Town at Six Flags Qiddiya City is a steampunk-inspired frontier town with a mechanical aesthetic and a balance of thrill and family rides. Iron Rattler, the world’s tallest tilt coaster, is the star attraction whereas dining outlets fuse North American and Middle Eastern comfort fare.

Bringing together innovation and wonder, Grand Exposition celebrates the long tradition of world fairs. Besides Gyrospin, the tallest pendulum ride, there are wholesome family rides such as a carousel and bumper cars to enjoy alongside a myriad of cuisines. Six Flags veterans will recognize the brand’s iconic “woodie,” Colossus, which gets a hybrid revamp in KSA.

The world’s tallest inverted top-hat roller coaster, Spitfire, stands in the Valley of Fortune. This land recreates the Arabian desert through treasure-hunting activities, souvenir stores, and Middle Eastern eateries. Last but not least, the water rides of Discovery Springs will prove their worth when summer temperatures soar in Saudi Arabia. These attractions are ideal for families and gentle thrillseekers as well as anyone looking to cool down.

Aquarabia at Six Flags Qiddiya City

Rendering courtesy Six Flags Qiddiya

Soon to be the region’s largest water park, Aquarabia will open to the public in tandem with Six Flags. This 25-hectare estate will carry an Arabian design with themed zones tied to the Kingdom’s culture and heritage as well as fantasy. Twenty-two rides are under construction, including lazy rivers, wave pools, drop towers, and raft experiences for adventurers of all ages. Visitors will be able to purchase combo tickets for Aquarabia and Six Flags Qiddiya City.

Getting to Six Flags Qiddiya City from Riyadh

Rendering courtesy Six Flags Qiddiya

Six Flags Qiddiya City is scheduled to open in October/November 2025. Conveniently located 25 miles southwest of Riyadh, it’s less than an hour’s drive to the park from Saudi Arabia’s capital city and gateway. As a state-of-the-art, purpose-built metropolis, Qiddiya City is being designed as a walkable community with all the infrastructure of a traditional city. There will be a selection of resort, luxury, and mid-range hotels for those looking to stay on the premises. Managed by Alia, Sama, and Noor, these modern accommodations will be accented by Saudi storytelling and innovative gimmicks – there’s talk of at least one rooftop pool. Fifteen properties will contribute to the East Village development, a nucleus for lodging, dining, and shopping at Six Flags Qiddiya City.

Stay tuned for ticket prices.

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This Star Party Turns a Nebraska Road Trip Into a Cosmic Adventure

I didn’t expect to fall in love with Nebraska. But as the Milky Way stretched across the sky above Merritt Reservoir near the city of Valentine, and the sound of cicadas echoed through the Sandhills, I realized the Nebraska Star Party I was attending was more than just a stargazing event — and that my time in the state would stick with me forever.

Held during the darkest, clearest part of summer, the Nebraska Star Party is an annual, days-long gathering that takes place in late July or early August, depending on when the new Moon rises. Expert astronomers and wide-eyed newcomers alike come not just to see the stars but to share them in one of the best dark-sky spots in the Midwest. The setting is intentionally remote. You’re miles from a town, surrounded by wildflowers, water, and endless skies.

Because western Nebraska has little light pollution, you could simply pull over on a back road, park beside a field, and look up to see more stars than you ever imagined. But an official star party is something else entirely. Pros set up high-powered telescopes and cameras — some of which cost more than my car — while strangers quickly become friends under the canopy of constellations. There’s quiet teaching, friendly explaining, and even impromptu sky tours from passionate astronomers who just want to share their love of the stars. Ask a question, and someone nearby will have an answer, a story, or an invitation to take a look.

One man I met had driven all the way from Tucson for the second consecutive year. After more than 30 years of chasing stars, he still ranks Nebraska among his favorite skies. Events like this take place across the country every year, hosted in remote locations where the skies remain wild and undisturbed. But when the Milky Way emerges like a glowing river overhead, you’ll understand why people drive hundreds of miles to return to Nebraska’s Sandhills year after year.

What you need to know before attending the Nebraska Star Party

Photo: A.J. Olnes/Shutterstock

If you’re thinking about attending the Nebraska Star Party, here are a few things to know before you head into the Sandhills:

You’ll need a Nebraska State Park permit to enter Merritt Reservoir State Recreation Area. These can be purchased online or at local vendors.You also need to register for the event at this link. Registration includes access to the event site, activities, and a helpful orientation for beginners.Next year’s Star Party will be held from July 12 to 17, 2026. Plan to attend at least one evening, but many choose to camp out or attend multiple nights to catch the clearest skies.Pack bug spray. Cicadas may sing romantically in the background, but the mosquitoes aren’t shy.Even summer nights can cool down fast, especially near the water. Bring a warmer layer to stay comfortable once the sun sets.>strong>Bring snacks and water. The event is remote, and you’ll want to settle in without needing to make a run into town.Use a red light to walk around the site. White lights, such as your phone’s flashlight or car headlights, disrupt the viewing experience for everyone. Respecting the darkness is part of the magic.

Even if you’re new to astronomy, you’ll fit right in. Come with curiosity and leave with a little more wonder than you arrived with.

How to plan a Sandhills road trip around the Nebraska Star Party

Left: Dobby’s Frontier Town. Right: Carhenge. Photos: Chantelle Kincy

While the Nebraska Star Party doesn’t kick off until after dark, the daylight hours aren’t just for waiting. They’re for exploring. This corner of Nebraska is full of small towns with unique personalities, and your road to the stars might just surprise you before the first telescope is even set up.

Most travelers flying in from out of state will land in Scottsbluff. From there, rent a car and set your sights on Alliance, a detour that’s well worth the few hours on the road. Alliance is one of those towns that feels like perfect small-town America. Tree-lined streets, friendly folks behind the counters, and kids riding bikes through parks. But what makes it really stand out is its offbeat, creative streak. Colorful murals pop up across downtown, and at the Carnegie Arts Center, rotating exhibits feature local and regional artists, as well as offering space for classes for kids to learn to express themselves through artistic mediums.

Just outside of town, you’ll find a different kind of creativity at Carhenge, a quirky, full-size replica of Stonehenge made entirely from old cars. It’s equal parts sculpture garden, art installation and quirky photo op. Elsewhere, a walk through Dobby’s Frontier Town offers a step back in time with a collection of relocated pioneer buildings that feel like a living museum, bringing the Old West to life. Don’t miss the saloon, schoolhouse, and jail.

When you need a bite, stop by Hug in a Mug, where small-town warmth is served in a to-go cup. This cozy café is the perfect spot to stop for breakfast before visiting Carhenge or exploring downtown Alliance, with solid coffee and a little gift shop vibe that makes it feel like a find.

From Alliance, as you make your way closer to Merritt Reservoir, you’ll pass through Valentine, a place that bills itself as “small town, big adventures” and somehow still manages to exceed expectations. Waterfalls, scenic trails, and wildlife encounters make it a dream come true for outdoor lovers. It’s also home to some of the friendliest locals I’ve ever met.

Left: Smith Falls. Right: Golden Prairie Bison. Photos: Chantelle Kincy

Take your time getting to know Valentine’s outdoors, starting with the Cowboy Trail. Spanning across northern Nebraska, the Cowboy Trail is one of the longest rail-trails in the country. From Valentine, ride or walk to the Trussel Bridge for panoramic views over the Niobrara River. If you’d rather get out on the water, considering kayaking or tubing the Niobrara River. Paddle through scenic gorges, under historic bridges, and past waterfalls you can walk behind. Smith Falls, Nebraska’s tallest waterfall, is a must-stop spot along the route, and the whole float is peaceful and refreshingly uncrowded.

Another waterfall, Fort Falls, awaits a short, scenic hike from Fort Niobara, a former military outpost turned wildlife refuge that’s home to bison, elk, and prairie dogs. Just outside of Valentine, you can get up-close and personal with the fauna at Golden Prairie Bison, a family-run ranch that gives you the rare chance to hand-feed bison while learning about their land, history, and conservation efforts.

Between excursions, Valentine has several worthwhile food stops. In the morning, locals line up at Old Mill Deli for burritos, baked goods, and gourmet coffee that rivals any big-city café. Grab a seat if you can, or take your breakfast to go and enjoy it beside the river.

Bulldoggers BBQ is a veteran-owned spot that doesn’t even own a freezer — everything is made fresh, from the brisket to the scratch-made sauces. Founded by the mayor and brewed by a Pacific Northwest transplant, Bolo Beer Co. feels like the town’s living room. On Fridays, the smoker rolls out with something new each week — I got lucky with a smoked gyro that was outrageously good.

Niobrara Valley Vineyards. Photo: Chantelle Kincy

For something a little more sophisticated, head to The Prairie Club golf course. You don’t have to play a round to enjoy dinner here (though the pristine fairways and big skies might tempt you). The food is upscale without being fussy. Go for the steak or whatever the chef is featuring that night, and soak in the Sandhills views while you eat. Of course, if it’s sunset views you’re after, it’s hard to beat the award-winning pours at relaxed, rustic Niobrara Valley Vineyards.

Valentine also plays host to a great home base for Sandhills adventures. Right in the heart of town, the Niobrara Lodge has clean and cozy rooms, welcoming staff, and a location that promises you’re never more than a few minutes from trails, food, or starry skies. If you’re flying into or out of the area, Fairfield Inn & Suites Scottsbluff is another name to know. It’s a convenient and comfortable stopover with all the expected amenities — plus, it’s just a short drive from Scotts Bluff National Monument if you’ve got time to spare.

Getting to and around the Sandhills

Merritt Reservoir State Park. Photo: Chantelle Kincy

The easiest gateway is Scottsbluff Regional Airport (BFF). From there, you’ll want to rent a car. Driving is essential here, not just for convenience but because the journey itself is part of the charm. Expect long stretches of open road, rolling prairie, and the occasional “Did you see that?” roadside oddity.

You won’t find public transportation out here, and honestly, you wouldn’t want to. This is road trip country. Bring a good playlist, fill the gas tank, and let the Nebraska backroads lead you somewhere unexpectedly beautiful.

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