Garry Kasparov's Blog, page 27

Intersession Course Lifts Up Dissident Voices | Johns Hopkins University | January 27, 2022

It was an honor to create and teach this Frontlines of Freedom course at @JohnsHopkins last week with @Renew_Democracy and @UrielEpshtein. The students were engaged and impressed with our dissident guests. My comments in the story here: https://t.co/kruXAnvCyV

— Garry Kasparov (@Kasparov63) January 27, 2022

This article is a reprint. You can see the original at Johns Hopkins University.

By Rachel Wallach

“During the last week of Intersession, about two dozen Hopkins undergraduates had front row seats as four prominent dissidents shared their experiences with oppression and their observations on threats to democracy around the world.

The course, Frontlines of Freedom, was led by none other than former world chess champion, pro-democracy advocate, and chair of the Renew Democracy Initiative Garry Kasparov. Offered by the SNF Agora Institute, it was designed to shed light on the anti-democratic trends that most Americans are just beginning to understand by tapping into the perspectives of dissidents who have fought those trends globally for decades.

“We were very excited that the SNF Agora Institute was able to offer Johns Hopkins students the opportunity to take a course with Garry Kasparov, who is himself such a significant voice in the global fight for democracy,” said Hahrie Han, director of the SNF Agora Institute. “Bringing our students into direct conversation with dissidents from oppressive regimes around the world was invaluable for their understanding of just how high the stakes are for democracy and activism—in the dissidents’ home countries and here in the United States.”

In one session, Mihrigul Tursun of China, a former Uyghur detainee, described the experience of being sent to a “reeducation camp” in Xinjiang. Originally from Xinjiang, Tursun was living in Egypt and had returned to the northwestern China city to visit her parents in 2015, when officials detained her and separated her from her eight-week-old triplets. When she was released three months later, she was told that one of her sons had died.

Officials confiscated Tursun’s passport, preventing her from leaving China. In 2017, she was placed in detention again, where she lived in a cell so crowded that she and 50 other women slept in shifts and spent the rest of the time standing. During the year or so she spent there, she watched nine detainees die. After diplomats from the Egyptian Embassy in Beijing helped secure her release in 2018, she and her two surviving children moved to Virginia, where they live today.

“I would like you to be my advocate and my people’s advocate using your freedom,” Tursun said in response to a question about what message she would like to send. She said her detainers often told the prisoners that no one cared about them or their experience. “I expect you to show the Chinese that you do care,” she said.

In addition to Tursun, dissident guests included Leopoldo López of Venezuela, jailed for political opposition to the dictatorships of Hugo Chavez and Nicolas Maduro; Masij Alinejad of Iran, a journalist-activist pursued by the Iranian regime for her campaign against mandatory hijab; and Pastor Evan Mawarire of Zimbabwe, the creator of the “This Flag” campaign that helped unseat dictator Robert Mugabe, and who was arrested and harassed by current strongman Emmerson Mnangagwa.

“My thanks to Johns Hopkins, the SNF Agora Institute, and of course the students,” Kasparov said. “It would have been easy for young students to be overwhelmed by the powerful stories of our guest lecturers, all dissidents who have fought the most painful battles for basic human rights in their home countries. But the students’ questions and essays showed that many of them are ready and willing to engage these difficult issues of democracy and how to protect its essential ingredients at home and abroad. There’s a lot of nuance, but the first challenge is to agree that there’s a problem, and that fixing the system is necessary, not tearing it down. The stories and activism and organizing of our dissident guests impressed upon everyone how dangerous it is to take democracy for granted, even in the greatest democracy of all.”

Each day began with a guest discussing his or her experiences, followed by questions and discussion. Readings and written assignments encouraged students to consider topics including the nature of democracy, its ongoing global decline, and building a coalition against illiberal forces; the myths of the stable or benevolent dictatorship; the additional repression of women and minorities in authoritarian states; what the U.S. and other democracies must learn from the decay and collapse of democracy elsewhere; and participation and activism in civil society as the key to fighting hyper-partisanship and misinformation.

“I was interested in taking the course because I wanted to gain a better understanding of authoritarianism and democratic backsliding,” said Emma Vengosh Weinthal, a first-year student in the Krieger School. “I was excited that the course would provide an opportunity to learn from Mr. Kasparov and to hear from political dissidents from across the world.”

“The course was really eye-opening, as we were able to meet so many incredible and inspiring guest speakers,” agreed Jeffrey Guo, a sophomore majoring in neuroscience. “They really made me aware of the issues happening around the world and how lucky we are to have the things many take for granted. I took this class because Mr. Kasparov is well known for his chess career, but I wanted to see how someone like him views social issues and can really bring a unique perspective.”

Among the course’s key messages was the idea that we in the U.S. can both learn from understanding oppressive regimes around the world, and take steps to resist them and to protect our own democracy. For example, many batteries, computer components, clothes, and agricultural products are manufactured in China with enslaved Uyghur labor, pointed out Nury Turkel, a Uyghur-American lawyer and activist who joined Tursun’s session, and consumer activism in the form of buying power can pressure businesses to behave more ethically.

“Lending your voice is the least that you can do,” Turkel said. “In politics, you have to create an environment to make politicians feel uncomfortable not to act. Democracy is under threat. This is about our future. If we let this continue and expand, this will affect civil liberties, democratic rights, and privacy all around the world.”

Kasparov, who was born in Baku, Azerbaijan, in the Soviet Union in 1963, was one of the first prominent Soviets to call for democratic reforms. He retired from professional chess in 2005 to join the Russian pro-democracy movement, and was named chair of the global Human Rights Foundation in 2012. He currently serves as chair of Renew Democracy Initiative, a nonprofit that promotes democratic principles and civic behavior in the public sphere.

RDI’s director, Uriel Epshtein, helped moderate class discussions. At the end of the course, he challenged the students to carry the perspectives they had discovered into their future endeavors.

“What all the guests have in common is a belief that freedom matters, democracy matters, and everyone should have the right to engage in society without having to fear prison or social ostracism,” Epshtein said. “I want to encourage all of you to think openly about different perspectives, be open to different points of view, and not immediately shut down someone who disagrees with you. Being able to engage constructively with one another really matters.”

RDI plans to build the course into a model that it can bring to universities around the country. The intersession version showed that such a model can be successful, and that its teachings are essential in offering students the context they need to understand and defend democracy, Kasparov said.

“I know everyone isn’t going to become an activist or politician,” Kasparov said. “And America isn’t Russia. But the lesson is that we all must be active participants for democracy to work, or the extremes take over. Having doctors and engineers who are also invested in democracy and politics is crucial. I hope this course can become a model, a template, for others, with Johns Hopkins and SNF Agora leading the way. Just as important as civics, we need to relearn the elements of trust and the common good that make democracy work. We have huge problems to solve in America, especially inequality, which has only gotten worse during the pandemic. We cannot solve those problems unless we agree on a fundamental framework of empowering people. And for all of democracy’s problems, it’s far better than anything else and the only way forward.”

Garry Kasparov on Putin’s Aggression | Stephanie Ruhle | MSNBC | January 26, 2022

Thanks for having me on. Putin knows his corrupt collaborators in the West will help him find loopholes and ways to weaken sanctions and prevent enforcement, as has happened every time before. https://t.co/BF3KP8cnzm

— Garry Kasparov (@Kasparov63) January 26, 2022

 

‘Putin will do whatever he can get away with’ | MSNBC | January 25, 2022

Ignore all the chaff about NATO or history lessons. This war is one man’s choice, Putin’s. There’s no Russian need or desire for it, just a mafia boss who wants to expand his domain again if allowed. https://t.co/efZJF9Hqy0

— Garry Kasparov (@Kasparov63) January 25, 2022

Watch the original video at MSNBC.

Garry Kasparov on Ukraine, JHU Course | The Lead CNN | January 19, 2022

“So again, words, promises, crippling sanctions, but… I do not see any document that will tell Vladimir Putin, beyond any doubt, that the cost of invasion of Ukraine will be too high.” Garry Kasparov, a critic of Russian Pres. Putin, discusses US military aid to Ukraine. pic.twitter.com/xs8Cmmy9jN

— The Lead CNN (@TheLeadCNN) January 18, 2022

 

Garry Kasparov is teaching a @JohnsHopkins class with dissidents of oppression… and weighing in on fears of war as Ukraine is threatened by a Russian invasion. https://t.co/OOZ32c74g8

— The Lead CNN (@TheLeadCNN) January 18, 2022

America at a Crossroads Conversation | Jews United for Democracy | January 19, 2022

What does Putin really want with Ukraine? @Kasparov63 @McFaul @MaxBoot will share their insights on tomorrow’s show, at 5pm PT/8pm ET.

Register for this amazing lineuphttps://t.co/xq3qKxvbCw pic.twitter.com/QfvtuQIn67

— America at a Crossroads (@USAconvo) January 18, 2022

Read more at the event website here.

“Kasparov, McFaul & Boot, three brilliant thinkers & foreign policy experts to discuss democracy, the west, and US-Russia-Ukraine relations.

About This EventGarry Kimovich Kasparov

Garry Kimovich Kasparov is a Russian chess grandmaster, former World Chess Champion, writer, political activist and commentator. From 1984 until his retirement in 2005, Kasparov was ranked world No. 1 for a record 255 months overall for his career.. Kasparov also holds records for the most consecutive professional tournament victories and Chess Oscars .Kasparov was the world’s highest-rated player when he retired from professional chess in 2005

After retiring, he devoted his time to politics and writing. He formed the United Civil Front movement and joined as a member of The Other Russia, a coalition opposing the administration and policies of Vladimir Putin. In 2008, he announced an intention to run as a candidate in that year’s Russian presidential race, but after encountering logistical problems in his campaign for which he blamed “official obstruction”, he withdrew. In the wake of the Russian mass protests that began in 2011, he announced in 2013 that he had left Russia for the immediate future out of fear of persecution. Since 2014, he holds Croatian citizenship and since 2020 resides in Podstrana near Split (prior to that, he lived in New York City).

Kasparov is currently chairman of the Human Rights Foundation and chairs its International Council. In 2017, he founded the Renew Democracy Initiative (RDI), an American political organization promoting and defending liberal democracy in the U.S. and abroad. He serves as chairman of the group.

Amb.Michael McFaul

Michael Anthony McFaul is an American academic and diplomat who served as the United States Ambassador to Russia from 2012 to 2014. McFaul is currently the Ken Olivier and Angela Nomellini Professor in International Studies in the Department of Political Science at Stanford University, where he is the Director of the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. He is also a Peter and Helen Bing Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution. He is also a contributing columnist at The Washington Post. Prior to his nomination to the ambassadorial position, McFaul worked for the U.S. National Security Council as Special Assistant to the President and senior director of Russian and Eurasian affairs. In that capacity, he was the architect of U.S. President Barack Obama’s Russian reset policy.

Max Boot

MaxBoot is a Russian-American author, consultant, editorialist, lecturer, and military historian.He worked as a writer and editor for Christian Science Monitor and then for The Wall Street Journal in the 1990s. He is now Jeane J. Kirkpatrick Senior Fellow in National Security Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations and a contributor to The Washington Post. He has written for numerous publications such as The Weekly Standard, the Los Angeles Times, and The New York Times, and he has also authored books of military history. In 2018, Boot published The Road Not Taken, a biography of Edward Lansdale, and The Corrosion of Conservatism: Why I Left the Right.”

КАСПАРОВ: Путин точно имеет в виду военную операцию, Перші особи | 24Канал | January 18, 2022

 

“When Putin pressed, the West gave in”
“As long as Schröder, Fillon (the list is endless) draw salaries from #Putin, it is pointless to say Europe is ready to resist Putin. We will continue to hear kindness towards #Russia is necessary.”@Kasparov63https://t.co/6hjWgzoPuG pic.twitter.com/QWxQUmr0id

— Krus & Stern (@krus_stern) January 19, 2022

 

“#Germany is not neutral in the #Russia–#Ukraine conflict!”
“Germany is Russia’s biggest gas customer. After the Russian attacks in 2014, Merkel has not reduced dependence on Russia, but further increased it.”#NordStream2 @Kasparov63 @Renew_Democracyhttps://t.co/6hjWgzoPuG pic.twitter.com/IQIfEcDodV

— Krus & Stern (@krus_stern) January 19, 2022

What’s at Stake as U.S. Begins Talks with Russia | MSNBC | January 10, 2022

My hit with @SRuhle this morning on these US-Russia meetings, as hostage negotiations. It’s completely backwards. The free world should be making the demands of the terrorist Putin, invader Putin. https://t.co/jtHyQPqctY

— Garry Kasparov (@Kasparov63) January 10, 2022

See the original video at MSNBC.

 

Kasparov: Digital Rights and Wrongs | Avast Blog | January 6, 2022

Our daily lives — the way we communicate, our money, and our photos — are more digital than analog now. So what about our rights? @Kasparov63 shares his thoughts on digital freedom on the Avast blog. https://t.co/YZbac3N4C4

— Avast (@Avast) January 13, 2022

This article is a reprint. You can see the original HERE.

By Garry Kasparov

“Everything from communications to currency to photography is now more digital than analog, so why not our rights, too?

The term digital freedom contains enough ideas to keep an entire university busy for eternity. The ironic etymology of the English word “digital” is worth an amusing aside, by the way. Originally meaning the numbers 1-10 — those you could count on your digits — it now encompasses the modern computerized world. Everything from communications to currency to photography is now more digital than analog, so why not our rights, too?

As for “freedom,” what other word captures so much emotion, so much interpretation? It is so used and overused that it’s become practically meaningless as a practical concept. Where its meaning comes again into focus is in the absence of freedom. We may not be aware of liberties when we have them, but we can feel any loss of freedom keenly.

As I have often discussed in these (digital) pages, our rights cannot disappear simply because our expressions of them and challenges to them are online, not off. This doesn’t mean we can just copy-paste the old laws onto the internet, however. The digital world is bigger, crossing every national border. It’s faster, almost instantaneous, requiring responses that are just as fast. Then come the thorny issues of verifiable identity and how to balance accountability and transparency with privacy.

Security has also digitized to keep up with the abuse and crime that has been part of the online world almost from the start. Is it fair to say that there is also more crime online than offline these days? Probably impossible to say, but we should not allow the “online vs. IRL” divide to confuse us. Crime is crime, committed by people whether their hands are on a gun or a keyboard. As recent ransomware attacks on hospitals and other vital infrastructure should remind us, cybercrime can cost lives too. Much as we correctly say that categories like “women’s rights” are human rights, “cybercrime” is still crime, and “digital freedom” is still freedom.

We shouldn’t let these conversations become theoretical or academic arguments just because they have become buzzwords. Free speech is not just a semantic matter, especially in the unfree world where a tweet can land you in jail. There are bad guys out there pushing misinformation that can cause chaos and even kill. They exploit our open society and open platforms. How we protect ourselves without conceding our rights is one of the great societal challenges of the 21st century.

When I was asked by Avast to share my views on digital freedom, I said that for that purpose we need to discuss equal access to the internet and information, the pros and cons of the surveillance state, and the role of global tech giants in a digital world.

My personal perspective will always be clear and present, beginning with this post’s focus on the long double-standard in how some American tech giants deal with rights issues in the free and unfree worlds. A year-in-review demonstrates just how serious the problem has become.

The recent arrest of one of Jamal Khashoggi’s suspected Saudi assassins and Lukashenko’s continued use of migrants as human weapons reminds us just how barbaric autocrats are. But their barbarism doesn’t make them any less adept at dismantling internet freedoms, with the willing consent of Western digital companies.

During Russia’s parliamentary “elections” in September, Google and Apple silenced jailed dissident Alexei Navalny’s movement under Kremlin pressure. This summer, Apple and Tesla intentionally weakened their data protection systems and decided to store Chinese user data inside the country at the CCP’s request.

We found out this year that Israeli tech companies have helped authoritarian regimes spy on human rights activists like Khashoggi’s fiancée Hatice Cengiz. Meanwhile, Turkey has become more aggressive in pressuring social media companies to censor political opposition material.

Are these companies going to openly ally with hostile dictatorships? Would it not be better to leave than become a tool of oppression?

There are a few encouraging signs on occasion. YouTube has recently removed Russian propaganda channels on their German sites and taken down Belarussian interrogation videos. Still, it’s remarkable that these tools, developed and controlled in democracies, are so often by authoritarian states against their enemies at home and abroad.

If you are safe and sound in the free world, perhaps this seems like no big deal to you. But history tells us that practices developed in the unfree world don’t stay there for long. Modern dictatorships’ propaganda methods, for example — also powered by big US tech firms—have jumped the fence into democratic politics all over the world.

There is a vital distinction to be made between action taken in countries with independent courts and civil rights, but the role of massively powerful tech companies must come with accountability and transparency.

Surveillance powers, censorship, app and video takedowns on government demand — unfree states are the digital canaries in the digital coalmine. Consumers and institutions, especially in the US where most are based, still have great influence over these companies, but if they refuse to use it, they may find that the bad guys have once again turned the free world’s advantages against them.

Who really has the leverage? Is it all about money? What can be done and what can you do? We need more than news and concern; we need a game plan. That’s just what we’ll be working on in 2022. Stay safe everyone, online and off.”

Garry Kasparov: Crypto Means Freedom | CoinDesk | January 3, 2022

 

This article is a reprint. You can see the original HERE.

By Jeff Wilser

“Garry Kasparov knows math. He knows logic, strategy and decision-making. Widely regarded as the greatest chess player in the history of mankind, the Russian grandmaster – ranked No. 1 from 1984 to 2005 – sees the world with a certain clarity.

So it will delight many in the blockchain industry to learn that Kasparov, easily one of the smartest people alive, is now a champion of cryptocurrency. And it’s partly because of math. Kasparov has spent his “retirement” opposing Russian President Vladimir Putin (a defiance that once got him tossed in jail), fighting for humanitarian causes and serving as chairman of the Human Rights Foundation (a nonprofit that strongly supports bitcoin as a freedom-giving tool). Now he views crypto as a way to check government power. Bitcoin offers protection against rampant government spending, says Kasparov, “because you’re protected by math” – by the logic of the code itself.

Kasparov also sees merit in non-fungible tokens. In December, in partnership with 1Kind, he dropped a series of 32 NFTs that showcase iconic moments from his life: the 1985 match that crowned him as the youngest world chess champion, the epic battle against International Business Machines’ artificial intelligence-powered “Deep Blue” and speeches against totalitarian governments.

It’s this battle against totalitarianism that has defined the current chapter of his life, and Kasparov sees crypto as part of that struggle. Or as the grandmaster puts it, “I believe that supporting crypto is an important part of my contribution to the future of humanity.”

This interview has been condensed and lightly edited for clarity.

CoinDesk: How’d you get into the crypto space?

Kasparov: If you followed my career and read about my early interest in computers and technology, you should not be surprised that I was very excited when I recognized the value of cryptocurrencies and NFTs.

This goes all the way back to the ‘80s; I always tried to be at the cutting edge. It started with chess. But I also saw an opportunity to use computers and new tools to advance individual freedoms. It’s my belief that technology should help people fight back against the power of the state.

How do cryptocurrencies fit into that?

Cryptocurrencies become an inseparable part of or progress, because the whole world is moving digital. And if the economy becomes more digital, so does the money. Another philosophical reason is that … governments [have] unlimited opportunities to print money. And printing money is the most exquisite form of borrowing from us and from future generations.

And I believe that cryptocurrencies – with bitcoin as a standard – offer a protection against this onslaught of the government, because you’re protected by math. You’re protected by the limited number of any code behind the respective currency. Cryptocurrencies, and all the products related to cryptocurrencies, are absolutely vital for the future development of our world.

Garry Kasparov’s analysis notebook from January 1976, part of his recently issued NFT collection. (Garry Kasparov/1Kind)

How, specifically, did you first get involved?

My first indirect involvement was through the Human Rights Foundation. Because in the Human Rights Foundation, we had a few experts that have been advocating cryptocurrencies at a very early stage. And as an organization, we offer support to the dissidents around the world.

We thought about using crypto as a way to help them to get material help, because in many countries it was impossible – and it’s still impossible – to actually get proper funding. So crypto offered an opportunity to support these activists indirectly. And the more I learned about it, the more interested I got in the whole mechanism.

Can you elaborate on why this is important to you?

Look, crypto is a controversial thing. Because you hear a lot of people say, “Oh, that’s money laundering. That helps bad guys.” True. I mean, no technology is uniquely good, because it’s technology. Humans still have a monopoly for evil.

So, I’ve been doing a lot of talks about it, and I’ll say, “Look, it’s not the magic wand or the terminator. It’s not a harbinger of utopia or dystopia. It’s a tool.” Crypto is a tool. And of course it could benefit some bad guys with maligned intentions. But it’s about the balance, it’s about trade-offs. And I think the balance is so much in favor of progress.

It’s like the dot-com bubble. 99.9% will be gone. But those that survive will become the Googles of the world.

You mentioned crypto’s ability to help protect human rights in undemocratic countries. What do you see as the benefits in democratic countries?

In the democratic countries in America and Europe, trillions of dollars will be printed. I’m an American taxpayer. And I understand that you need to build new infrastructure. But I’m not happy to see that the government has a free hand to use my taxes, basically to devalue [the dollar].

So I think it’s very important that technology would offer me an opportunity to fight back, to protect my hard-earned fortune. And I think that bitcoin – which I believe is online gold – and other cryptocurrencies are the way to the future. I’m not a financial expert, but I would not be surprised if, I would not be surprised if, in 10 years’ time, the dollar will be replaced by the basket of coins as a standard.

I’m guessing it’s safe to say you own bitcoin?

I’m a great believer in the future of coins.

I suppose if you believe that, then it would almost be foolish not to be buying Bitcoin?

Yes.

Thoughts on the future of bitcoin?

Well, I think bitcoin will remain as a standard. But of course it cannot stay alone. So that’s why you have more coins coming in. It’s a natural process. Now we have thousands and thousands of coins. It’s like the dot-com bubble. Ninety-nine point nine percent will be gone. But those that survive will become the Googles of the world. I’m not here to judge which one, but there will be few that will survive – that’s why I said basket of coins.

In the past, your championing of human rights has gotten you in trouble with the Russian authorities. Given that background, are you concerned that your support for cryptocurrency can get you in hot water?

Well, this is definitely a no. [In the past,] I was in hot water. To give you an idea, one of the NFTs is a picture of my first arrest in Russia. So it’s all reflected in my NFT. Look, this is much less perilous than to attack Putin directly.

I grew up in the Soviet Union, and learned from my mother and my teacher the motto of Soviet dissidents, “Do what you must, and so be it.” And I believe that supporting crypto is an important part of my contribution to the future of humanity. And, again, I [view it] as a much less risky endeavor than speaking publicly about Putin or other dictators.

How would you describe your  NFT project ?

I don’t pretend to be a great expert in NFTs, but I’m not aware of anything similar that exists. It’s a collection of 30-plus NFTs that are related to special events in my life and special people in my life. This is a story that connects you to very personal moments. Every NFT has a video message.

It’s all connected to the physical assets, like my notebooks from the ‘70s. Thanks to my late mother, who preserved this archive, you can actually look at me scribbling in 1973.

The NFTs all reflect the moments of me growing up, learning from my mother, and from my teachers, and then fighting for the title, and then shifting my life and moving into human rights and computers.

Interesting. This feels almost like a memoir, in a sense. I’ve worked with CEOs before to collaborate on their memoirs, and one thing I’ve found is that the process can almost be emotional, or even a bit therapeutic. Did you have any sense of that?

The whole story starts from a very emotional moment, though it’s a tragic one. My mother died on Christmas day last year, from COVID. And I couldn’t be next to her, and that was a really big blow because we were so close.

While she was alive, I didn’t even know that she preserved all these archives. She was not happy to talk about the past. That’s why I [held off] on any major publication that would highlight [the past]. I wrote two books, but not the one that could tell everything.

After she died, I thought it would be right for me [to honor] her memory to actually start doing things. I’m doing a documentary now; it’s in Russian. The first segment will be ready early next year. And I hope I can cover my entire chess career, and it’s for her. It’s dedicated for her. And this [NFT] project was inspired by this tragedy. I thought it was very important to show my personal life and her connection, and why she was so important.

And so I spoke to 1Kind, and 10% of the sales will go to Kasparov Chess Foundation, and this will be a scholarship under her name for all the great talents raised by single mothers.

Amazing. Congrats on the NFT project, and best of luck.”

Interview on Biden/Putin Diplomacy | MSNBC | January 1, 2022

“Let’s stop talking about ‘if’ Putin invades Ukraine… Putin has been invading Ukraine.” @Kasparov63, founder of Renew Democracy Initiative, speaks with @yasminv about Putin’s strategy toward Ukraine and what Biden should do in response. @MSNBC pic.twitter.com/ulFZSz7T2O

— Yasmin Vossoughian Reports (@YasminMSNBC) January 1, 2022

See the original video at MSNBC.