Stuart Jeanne Bramhall's Blog: The Most Revolutionary Act , page 611

January 25, 2022

The Southern Colonies Become States

What If We Held a Constitutional Convention and the Right ...

Episode 5: Southern States in the New Nation

A New History of the American South

Dr Edward Ayers (2018)

Film Review

Ayers begins this lecture by pointing the overall difficulty of persuading settlers (in the 13 American colonies) to fight a war of independence when when they all identified more with Britain than with each other. A chief purpose of the Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson wrote was to create solidarity between the colonies by promoting a unifying dream of “equality.”

Jefferson’s first draft of the Declaration blames the British monarch for the slave trade and slavery (which it calls a “cruel war against human nature,” an “execrable commerce” and an “assemblage of horrors.” The Continental Congress subsequently deleted this language.

During the Revolutionary War, pro-independence forces capitalized on the fact that the British recruited slaves and Native Americans to their side to mobilize racist animosity against both groups. The British used slaves and Native Americans to help forage for food and serve as scouts and spies. In addition slaves also drove teams of oxen, cooked for British troops and piloted British boats.

Some historians believe African and Native Americans would have been better off had America remained British, in part because the Revolutionary War cut the continent off from Europe’s growing abolition movement. Slavery definitely would have ended in Virginia, where Governor Dunsmore had granted freedom to all indentured servants and slaves in 1775.** According to Ayers, US independence greatly facilitated the spread of slavery to new territories.***

Ayers moves on to discuss the framing of the US Constitution. Here the main debate was between the Federalists, led by James Madison, who favored a strong federal government; and the Anti-Federalists, led by Patrick Henry, who wished states to hold the balance of power. There were Southern slaveholders on both sides of this debate, but the richest, most powerful slaveholders favored a strong central government.

To win support from this faction, the original Constitution postpones any legal effort to end slavery for 20 years, as well as granting southern states the right to count each slave as a 3/5 person in assigning congressional representatives.

Although the Constitution prohibits federal initiatives to end slavery in the first 13 states, in 1784, Congressman Thomas Jefferson introduced a bill to ban slavery in all new western states (including Alabama and Mississippi). Although it lost by one vote, in 1787 he successfully incorporated a ban on slavery in the legislation creating the Northwest Territories.

The constitutional ban didn’t stop the legislatures of northern states from ending slavery. Those with the largest number of slaves did so only gradually (with persons born into slavery required to wait until age 25-28 to claim their freedom. By 1810, 3/4 of northern African Americans were free and by 1830, they all were.

Losing much of his anti-slavery fervor as he grew older, Jefferson became a proponent of scientific racism. The latter asserts that black-skinned people are inferior to those with white skin. He had six children by one of his slaves, a biracial woman named Sally Hemings, starting when she was 15. Jefferson granted all his slaves (including his slave children) their freedom at his death. The state of Virginia had legalized the private manumission**** of slaves in 1792.

*Ayers finds this ironic as it was mainly the institution of slavery that made the American colonies wealthy enough to attempt independence.

**By 1775, tobacco had depleted much of the Virginia colony’s soil, leading many local farmers (including George Washington) to turn to wheat instead. Wheat was not nearly as labor intensive as tobacco which meant Virginian slaves often had nothing to do.

***The British had banned slavery west of the Appalachians.

****Manumission refers to an official act whereby a slaveowner grants a slave their freedom.

Film can be viewed free with a library card on Kanopy.

https://pukeariki.kanopy.com/video/southern-states-new-nation

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Published on January 25, 2022 10:50

January 24, 2022

Pfizer Board Member and Previous FDA Director say it’s TIME TO END MANDATES


Gottlieb compares the current U.S. situation to that of the UK. Across the pond, Prime Minister Boris Johnson has set plans to drop all pandemic restrictions amid a drop in cases. Gottlieb said that America should soon follow, and pointed out masks in schools and vaccine mandates as particularly ‘divisive’ restrictions that he thinks should go.


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SaveOhioU.com

The surge in COVID-19 cases fueled by the Omicron-variant has slowed dramatically, with cases falling 12% over the past seven days, leaving experts to call for ‘divisive’ pandemic restrictions, like mask and vaccine mandates, to be phased out in the United States just as they recently were in the United Kingdom. 

America is averaging 682,374 cases per day, according to data from Johns Hopkins University (JH), a 12 percent drop over the past two weeks.

Dr Scott Gottlieb, former director of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and current board member at Pfizer, says that the declining cases should be a signal to officials that it is time to start lifting some pandemic-related restrictions.

‘I think certainly on the east coast where you see cases declining dramatically we need to be willing to lean in and do that very soon I think as conditions improve we have to be…

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Published on January 24, 2022 20:34

An Urgent Warning Re mRNA Vaccines

What is mRNA? The messenger molecule that's been in every ...

By Alex Berenson

The world’s most mRNA vaccinated countries now have shockingly high Covid infection rates. Hospitalizations and deaths are rising fast too. The mRNA experiment needs to stop. Immediately.

Something is rotten in Denmark.

And Australia.

And Israel.

Where nearly 1 percent of the entire population just tested positive for Covid.

Not in a month. Or a week. In one day.

You read that right.

On Saturday, Israel had 84,000 new infections, the equivalent of almost 3 million in the United States. Infections in Israel have risen unthinkably fast since late December. They’re are up 100-fold in one month, driven by the collapse of booster protection and the arrival of the Omicron variant.

Israel is not alone. Denmark reported 42,000 cases yesterday, equal to almost 2.5 million in the United States. France, the second-largest country in Europe, reported the American equivalent of about 12 million new infections in the last week. Australia had a tremendous surge in cases earlier this month, though it seems to be subsidizing for now.

Daily new infections in Israel:

These countries have very different population demographics and previous exposure to Covid. They even have very different weather; it is summer in Australia.

What do they share, then?

Incredibly high Covid vaccination rates, mostly with the mRNA vaccines. Israel is among the world’s most vaccinated countries. More than 90 percent of Israeli adults have been vaccinated with the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine. Almost 80 percent have received a booster dose, and several hundred thousand have gotten a fourth.

Yet Israel had more coronavirus infections in the last week than in all of 2020, before it began mass mRNA Covid vaccinations.

Omicron is much milder than Delta or the original coronavirus. So the data from South Africa – which was the first country where Omicron spread quickly – seemed to show.

But South Africa is quite lightly vaccinated. The more recent data from the highly vaccinated countries has not been as promising. Yes, Omicron is milder.

Even so, hospitalizations and deaths are spiking in countries like Israel and Denmark. In Israel, the number of severely ill patients has risen eightfold this month, and almost fourfold in the last two weeks – even though the true spike in infections has come only in the last few days, and hospitalizations typically lag infections. In Australia, deaths are up tenfold since in the last four weeks, although from a low base.

Daily new serious cases in Israel:

In part the rise has come because Omicron infections have reached such stunningly high levels that even a relatively low risk can lead to a significant number of deaths. And yes, many Omicron hospitalizations are incidental – they are people in the hospital for other reasons who just happen to test positive for Omicron.

But other factors may be at play too. Here are four facts:

1: Both the within-country and the between-country data show that people who are vaccinated but not boosted are at higher risk of Omicron infection than the unvaccinated.

Anyone who says otherwise is lying.

2: Thus vaccines will actually make hospitalization or death from Omicron MORE likely unless they somehow protect against serious outcomes from Covid infections more than they increase the odds of infection. That’s simple math.

At this point we have no way of knowing how those two factors interact. In other words, we do not know if Omicron is more dangerous to the unvaccinated than the vaccinated (putting aside any vaccine side effects).

Anyone who says otherwise is lying.

3: It is unclear whether the vaccines interfere with the development of long-term post-infection immunity in people who are infected with Omicron.

Anyone who says otherwise is lying.

4: It is clear that a third vaccine dose temporarily reduces the risk of serious illness or death from Omicron.

But it is unclear how long that protection will last, and whether when it ends people who have received a third dose will be less or more vulnerable than those who are unvaccinated or have received two doses.

Anyone who says otherwise is lying.

Put these four facts together and it is clear that to encourage booster shots for anyone – including the elderly – at this point is reckless, bordering on criminal.

[…]

Via https://alexberenson.substack.com/p/an-urgent-warning

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Published on January 24, 2022 16:26

How Billions in COVID Stimulus Funds Led Hospitals to Prioritize ‘Treatments’ That Killed, Rather Than Cured, Patients

Federal monies from the 2020 and 2021 COVID stimulus bills dramatically reshaped K-12 educational priorities.

By  Children’s Health Defense Team

In the second half of an interview this month on Del Bigtree’s “The Highwire” — “COVID-19: Following the Money” — policy analyst A.J. DePriest reported on the impact of billions in COVID stimulus funds, which, according to some doctors and lawyers, turned hospitals and medical staff into “bounty hunters,” and COVID patients into “virtual prisoners.”

As reported last week by The Defender, federal monies from the 2020 and 2021 COVID stimulus bills dramatically reshaped K-12 educational priorities, turning American school officials into lackeys for federal agencies more intent on masking and vaccinating every last child than on supporting meaningful education.

So, too, with the stimulus-induced reshaping of hospital priorities.

In the second half of a January interview on Del Bigtree’s “The Highwire” — “COVID-19: Following the Money” — policy analyst A.J. DePriest reported on the untoward consequences set into motion as a result of COVID funds provided to hospitals.

Managed by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the federal government allocated a total of $186.5 billion to the Provider Relief Fund (PRF), with two-thirds ($121.3 billion) disbursed as of January 2022.

The first tranche of $50 billion for hospitals and other Medicare providers — “for healthcare-related expenses or lost revenues … attributable to COVID-19” — began flying out the door in April 2020.

Almost immediately, alert doctors and astute journalists warned the Medicare add-on payments built into the relief package created perverse incentives unfriendly to patients’ interests.

As summarized by Dr. Scott Jensen — former Minnesota state senator and current gubernatorial candidate — “anytime healthcare intersects with dollars it gets awkward.”

Nearly two years down the road, the “awkwardness” is increasingly difficult to hide.

In the view of DePriest and many others, HHS’s stimulus slush fund has been every bit as dangerous for hospital patients as the U.S. Department of Education’s handouts have been for the nation’s schoolchildren.

Making out like bandits

Dr. Elizabeth Lee Vliet and Ali Shultz, J.D., who wrote a widely distributed op-ed in late 2021 for the Association of American Physicians and Surgeons (AAPS), summed up the disturbing situation prevailing in hospitals. The AAPS’s professional calling card is its “dedication to the highest ethical standards of the Oath of Hippocrates.”

Not mincing their words, the two argued that Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) payment directives turned hospitals and medical staff into “bounty hunters,” and COVID patients into “virtual prisoners.”

Highlighting the slew of CMS add-ons and other incentives established with the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act — and also the Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act (PPPHCEA) — they emphasized the payments hinge on hospitals’ willingness to slavishly follow the National Institutes of Health’s (NIH’s) guidelines “for all things related to COVID-19.”

As itemized by Vliet and Shultz, compliant hospitals garner CMS payments for:

Each completed diagnostic test (required in the emergency room or upon admission).Each COVID-19 diagnosis.Each COVID admission.Use of the intravenously administered Gilead drug remdesivir (brand name Veklury), which yields a 20% bonus payment on the entire hospital bill.Mechanical ventilation.COVID-19 listed as cause of death.

Citing a Becker’s Hospital Review breakdown, published in April 2020, of CARES Act payments to different states, DePriest told Bigtree payments ranged from $166,000 per COVID patient in Tennessee hospitals, for example, to far higher payments in states such as North Dakota ($339,000), Nebraska ($379,000) and West Virginia ($471,000).

In addition, for hospitals ascertained to be in COVID “hotspots,” HHS distributed special “high-impact” funds — $77,000 per admission initially, later downsized to $50,000 per admission.

The remdesivir ruse

The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) spent $79 million developing remdesivir for Gilead, which itself dished out $2.45 million during the first quarter of 2020, to lobby for the drug’s use with COVID patients.

On May 1, 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized remdesivir for emergency use in individuals hospitalized with severe COVID illness, and members of an NIH expert panel (many with financial ties to Gilead) added the drug to the agency’s treatment guidelines.

A scant five months later, FDA granted full approval to remdesivir for hospitalized COVID patients over age 12.

The World Health Organization (WHO), in contrast, advised against remdesivir, stating the drug has “no meaningful effect on mortality or on other important outcomes for patients.”

Remdesivir sailed through regulatory hoops in the U.S. despite an abysmal track record of “adverse effects serious enough to kill” any individual hapless enough to take it.

Children’s Health Defense Chairman Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. discusses remdesivir’s toxicity in his best-selling book, The Real Anthony Fauci, outlining the lethal problems — multiple organ failure, acute kidney failure, septic shock, hypotension and death — experienced by participants in NIAID’s clinical trial of remdesivir as an Ebola therapy.

When the trial, which compared remdesivir against three other drugs, killed more than half (54%) of the remdesivir recipients within 28 days — the highest mortality rate among the four groups — an oversight board forced the NIAID to end the prong of the study focused on remdesivir.

As if remdesivir alone weren’t bad enough, Vliet and Shultz estimate mechanical ventilation kills anywhere from 45% to 85% of COVID patients. Moreover, NIH’s skimpy treatment guidelines prescribe dexamethasone concurrently with ventilators.

[…]

Via https://childrenshealthdefense.org/defender/billions-covid-stimulus-hospitals-treatments-killed-patients/

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Published on January 24, 2022 16:10

“These are Criminal Companies” RFK Jr. Brilliant Takedown of Big Pharma That Ignited a Media Firestorm | The Wildfire News & Trending Politics


At the end of the day, this is about accountability. It is about accountability for the elected leaders and unelected public health officials who have seized upon a pandemic to wantonly violate every American’s unalienable rights, such as freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of assembly, the right to travel, and the right to bodily autonomy.


Link to speech: https://rumble.com/vt5o9b-mi-robert-kennedy-jr-full-speech.html


Liberty International Blog

The “Defeat the Mandates” rally in Washington D.C. drew thousands of peaceful protesters in support of the common cause of opposing mask and vaccine mandates. Robert Kennedy Jr., founder and Chairman of Children’s Health Defense delivered a speech to the rally attendees was focused on Big Pharma, which has escaped accountability and demands for transparency despite their core responsibilities during the Covid pandemic. His words were so provocative they ignited a media firestorm.

“You cannot sue that company,” he reiterated. “They have a license…”

“These are criminal companies, by the way,” he proclaimed. “These are serial felons.”

“The four companies that make all four of our U.S. vaccines for the children’s program… have paid $35 billion in criminal penalties for hundreds of violations and damages in the last ten years,” he went on.

“These are the companies that gave us the opioid crisis,” he added. “That kills 56,000 children…

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Published on January 24, 2022 10:34

New Hampshire Pharmacies Could Soon Begin Dispensing Ivermectin Without Doctor’s Prescription

Zero Hedge

New Hampshire House Bill 2011 would allow pharmacists to “dispense ivermectin under the delegated prescriptive authority of the physician or APRN (Advanced Practice Registered Nurses), specify a mechanism to document screening performed and the prescription in the patient’s medical record, and include a plan for evaluating and treating adverse events,” reads the bill. “Any such prescription shall be regeearded as being issued for a legitimate medical purpose in the usual course of professional practice.”

Ivermectin, a protease inhibitor (just like Pfizer’s new Covid pill), has come under attack ever since former President Trump suggested it as a potential treatment for Covid-19. Shortly thereafter, a flurry of anti-ivermectin studies came out – the majority of which analyzed already-hospitalized patients, as opposed to its use as an early intervention.

via ivmmeta.com

Indeed, ivermectin already may have saved hundreds of thousands of lives from India to Brazil.

Co-sponsored by Rep. Leah Cushman (R), the New Hampshire bill would require pharmacists to provide patients with a “standardized information sheet written in plain language” that would note the importance of follow-up care.

“Nothing on the information sheet shall discourage the recipient from using ivermectin for the treatment of COVID-19,” reads the bill.

On Tuesday, a state House committee heard arguments for and against the bill.

[…]

Via https://www.zerohedge.com/covid-19/new-hampshire-pharmacies-could-soon-begin-dispensing-ivermectin-without-doctors

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Published on January 24, 2022 10:26

Stella Morris: Make No Mistake, We Won Today In Court – Julian Assange Can Appeal Extradition

Free Assange

Image by Antonio Marín Segovia via Flickr

Dandelion Salad

RT UK on Jan 24, 2022

Julian Assange’s fiance Stella Morris speaks after the High Court grant the whistleblower the right to appeal US extradition.

 

Assange Extradition: Live Reactions to UK High Court Decision

Defending Rights & Dissent on Jan 24, 2022


On Monday January 24, the UK High Court will decide whether WikiLeaks publisher Julian Assange can appeal to the UK Supreme Court its decision to grant his extradition. If the UK High Court rules Assange cannot appeal, the UK Home Secretary will decide whether to grant or deny the US’s extradition decision.


Monday’s pivotal decision could be one of the last chances to stop Assange’s appeal. Whatever the outcome, Defending Rights & Dissent will host a live reaction at noon eastern with journalist Kevin Gosztola and Policy Director Chip Gibbons.


Julian Assange Can Appeal Extradition; Stella Moris Blasts “Politically Motivated Prosecution”

Democracy Now! on Jan 24, 2022

A British judge has ruled that political dissident and WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange can appeal his extradition to the United States. The ruling dealt a major blow to the Biden administration’s efforts to put Assange on trial for espionage charges. Assange has spent over 1,000 days locked up in the Belmarsh high-security prison in London, where he recently suffered a mini-stroke. The “politically driven” prosecution of Assange is punishing “a publisher for doing his work, for having published evidence of U.S. crimes,” says Stella Moris, Assange’s fiancée. “For every win that we get, Julian’s situation doesn’t change. And this is punishment through process.”

[…]

Via https://dandelionsalad.wordpress.com/2022/01/24/stella-morris-make-no-mistake-we-won-today-in-court-julian-assange-can-appeal-extradition/

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Published on January 24, 2022 10:13

January 23, 2022

Anonymous Officials Claim There’s An Evil Russian Plot Again But The Evidence Is Secret Again

By Caitlin Johnstone

Major western news publications are running a story about a sinister plot by the Russian government, and — you may want to sit down for this — the sources of the report are anonymous, and the evidence for it is secret.

The New York Times reports that according to anonymous individuals within the US and British governments, Russia is currently plotting to topple the existing government of Ukraine in some way using some method and then somehow install a puppet regime that is sympathetic to Moscow using some sort of means. What specifically those means and methods might be are not revealed to us in this very serious news report.

“The communiqué provided few details about how Russia might go about imposing a new government on Ukraine, and did not say whether such plans were contingent on an invasion by Russian troops,” the Paper of Record informs us. “British officials familiar with the situation, who spoke on condition of anonymity, said the intent was both to head off the activation of such plans as well as to put Mr. Putin on notice that this plot had been exposed.”


Sounds like Britain has taken what the US actually did to Ukraine in 2014, and rebooted it for Russia. Here's Obama-Biden official Victoria Nuland & then-US Amb. Geoffrey Pyatt privately deciding to install Arseniy Yatsenyuk ("Yats is the guy") as Ukraine's next Prime Minister: https://t.co/PDoXBIY5kM pic.twitter.com/0fTraRMEvl


— Aaron Maté (@aaronjmate) January 22, 2022


Now if you are hoping to be provided with some sort of evidence for these incendiary claims, I’m afraid I’m going to have to disappoint you, because get this: the journalists reporting on this story have not seen any evidence. Apparently they’re just passing on unverified government assertions made by unknown spies to their readers because they were told to, which I guess is something journalists can do now?

I know, I know, I was a little surprised when I learned that too. But here it is, straight from the horse’s mouth:

“The British communiqué provided no evidence to back up its assertion that Russia was plotting to overthrow the Ukrainian government,” the Times reports.

You will be reassured however to learn that despite the actual evidence of the actual Russian nefariousness being kept invisible to us, anonymous officials within the US government have reviewed the intelligence gathered by anonymous British spies for us and concluded on our behalf that the evidence is solid.

“In Washington, officials said they believe the British intelligence is correct. Two officials said it had been collected by British intelligence services,” The New York Times informs us.

You see that? These claims about a devious Russian conspiracy have been confirmed by anonymous government operatives in both the US and the UK. That’s two separate, completely unconnected governments independently verifying that these claims are true. That’s called independent corroboration, gentlesirs. Basically the same as ironclad proof.

[…]

 

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Published on January 23, 2022 10:42

Ivermectin smuggled in chocolate bar saves British Covid patient’s life

Ivermectin smuggled in chocolate bar saves British Covid patient’s life

Dr Eddy Beterman

A British woman who was infected with COVID-19 said ivermectin smuggled in a chocolate bar saved her life. The woman named Carol and her husband Michael also denounced the National Health Service (NHS) for following COVID-19 death protocols instead of using treatments that work.

Carol, who has not received the COVID-19 vaccine, said her ordeal began after she visited a hospital to seek treatment for her symptoms. A nurse found that her oxygen levels were low and initially prescribed steroids for her. Michael then brought her to North Devon District Hospital in the English town of Barnstaple for further treatment.

Upon arriving at the hospital, Carol was tested for COVID-19 – with a positive result being returned. X-rays of her chest were then taken, and a doctor eventually informed Carol that her symptoms were that of “COVID pneumonia.” The doctor added that given her condition, she was a very good candidate for intubation – which she and Michael did not agree to.

“I actually asked to see the X-rays to kind of see to prove that it was COVID pneumonia. We were never shown those X-rays at all through the whole time,” Michael said.

Michael made a statement saying that the unvaccinated Carol must not be put on a ventilator and must be resuscitated. His statement also instructed that instead of remdesivir and medazepam, Carol must be given high doses of vitamin C, vitamin D and zinc. He gave this document to the doctor.

According to Carol, the grim rhetoric of the hospital personnel eventually convinced her to accept being hooked on the ventilator. She said: “It was almost like a guilt trip because they were telling me I wouldn’t see my family again. With all the persuasion, with all the questions [and] everything – I lost hope. I think that’s when I agreed to go on the ventilator.”

Intercepting ivermectin part of hospital death protocol

During one of Carol’s calls with her husband, one of the doctors persuaded Michael to make his wife agree to being intubated. He declined and instead asked if they began the high doses of vitamin C, vitamin D and zinc the document instructed.

“They said no because they don’t have them and I would have to actually supply them, so I have to rush around and get the vitamins and everything. I did also mention that I will be getting ivermectin. The doctor actually agreed to give Carol anything that she takes at home – including the ivermectin,” Michael said.

Michael initially sent the first bottle of ivermectin to Carol, but was not allowed to enter the hospital. He then gave the bag to a security guard. Carol later told her husband that the ivermectin was not in the bag he gave. She eventually discovered that another doctor confiscated the medication and refused to give it to her.

“I asked him [the doctor] why he took away my ivermectin. He basically told me that ivermectin is a dirty drug. Nobody is allowed to administer it or prescribe it in the hospital because it’s not part of the protocol,” she said. (Related: Medical deep state continues to lie about ivermectin.)

Michael became desperate after this turn of events, as the hospital intercepted Carol’s ivermectin and her prescription for it. He reached out to many people – until Dr. Tess Lawrie of the British Ivermectin Recommendation Development (BIRD) Group learned of his plight. The BIRD Group seeks to bring together clinicians, health researchers and patient representatives worldwide to “advocate for the use of ivermectin against COVID-19.”

Lawrie told Michael that she is willing to help him if he can go to Bath – about three hours from Barnstaple by car. Michael showed up, and managed to get a new stock of ivermectin and other drugs with her help.

On the way back, Michael realized that he could smuggle the ivermectin to Carol by melting the back of a big chocolate bar and putting the ivermectin tablets there. It can then be resealed and put in a bag, alongside other items. His attempt was successful, and Carol managed to obtain the much-needed COVID-19 treatment.

“The nurse came in with the chocolate in the bag. I waited for the nurse to leave the room so I could get the ivermectin out from the back of the chocolate. Took the ivermectin straight away with my breakfast,” Carol said. The ivermectin worked wonders – as she no longer depended on the oxygen machine and started breathing on her own. Her condition improved as she received the ivermectin via the chocolate bar for three more days.

[…]

Via https://dreddymd.com/2022/01/23/ivermectin-smuggled-in-chocolate-bar-saves-patients-life/

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Published on January 23, 2022 10:12

How the Slave Trade Drove the Formation of Southern Colonies

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Episode 4: The Southern Colonies Take Hold

A New History of the American South

Dr Edward Ayers (2018)

Film Review

In this lecture, Ayers traces the formation of the other Southern colonies, in most cases linked to the exploding North Atlantic slave trade.

Florida – the first colony to be settled by Europeans, was founded by the Spanish in 1565. By the time the English created the colonies north of it, Florida had established colonies along the eastern coast as far north as the sea islands of Georgia.

Maryland – founded in 1653 by Lord Baltimore after Charles 1 (a Catholic) granted him a plot of land north of Virginia to host 150 Catholic settlers (many of them Jesuits).

Carolina – In 1663 Charles II granted a plot of land to eight Barbados colonists to establish the colony of Carolina. Its initial purpose was to grow food for Barbados plantations that produced nothing but sugar. Most of the new settlers were former indentured servants from Barbados who had completed their seven year contract. Some brought their own slaves with them and some enslaved Native Americans or traded them in Barbados for African slaves. By 1700, the English had killed or expelled all Native Americans out of Carolina, which now became a slave colony like Virginia and Maryland. Carolina adopted rice as its main cash crop after Native Americans taught them how to grow it. In 1712, Northern Carolina, which had become a haven for poor whites to escape domination of Virginian and South Carolina elites, separated to become the colony of North Carolina.

Louisiana – in 1698 the French sailed down the Mississippi River to claim the region for the French, founding the city of New Orleans in 1718.

Georgia – in 1730 George II granted philanthropist James Ogelthorpe a charter to establish a colony for the “deserving” poor of English cities. Initially Georgia prohibited both strong drink and slavery. However Georgian farmers ignored the anti-slavery law, and in 1750 the governor of Georgia legalized slavery, making it a slave colony.

During this entire period the trans-Atlantic slave trade was expanding. Beginning around 1700, three new African states formed (Ashanti, Oyo and Dahomey) that sent special armies deep into the African interior to meeting growing demand. More than 10% of African captives died during their journey to the new world, Even more died following their arrival in the New World owing to overwork and starvation.

Film can be viewed free with library card on Kanopy.

https://pukeariki.kanopy.com/video/southern-colonies-take-root

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Published on January 23, 2022 09:53

The Most Revolutionary Act

Stuart Jeanne Bramhall
Uncensored updates on world affairs, economics, the environment and medicine.
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