Jason A. Staples

“I argue that Paul believes that the eschatological restoration of Israel is already underway in the wake of the death and resurrection of Jesus and that his insistence on equal gentile incorporation is closely tied to his hopes for Israel's restoration. Specifically, since the full restoration of Israel must include all twelve tribes, Paul argues that the incorporation of gentiles into the eschatological assembly is the necessary means for the reconstitution and restoration of "all Israel," an entity not only including Jews but also non-Jewish Israelites restored from the nations among which northern Israel had assimilated. The destines of both Israel and the nations are therefore interdependent, and the ethical transformation afforded by the spirit of Israel's Messiah paradoxically serves to redeem Israel through the redemption of all nations.”
― Jason A. Staples, Paul and the Resurrection of Israel: Jews, Former Gentiles, Israelites