Rishad Tobaccowala's Blog, page 10

Gifts.

This holiday season and as the year ends and a new one begins here are gifts we can give others and ourselves that are of high value but cost nothing monetarily.

Joy. Appreciation. Kindness.

Joy

A definition of success is the freedom to spend time in ways that gives one joy.

Joy is more than happiness which is often transitory as it ebbs and flows with external events.

“Joy is a flash of eternity that illuminates time”

The joy that comes with deep satisfaction and contentment however endures and its contours do not waver with the oscillations of the transient.

From Vacillations by W. B. Yeats:

My fiftieth year had come and gone,
I sat, a solitary man,
In a crowded London shop,
An open book and empty cup
On the marble table-top.

While on the shop and street I gazed
My body of a sudden blazed;
And twenty minutes more or less
It seemed, so great my happiness,
That I was blessed and could bless.

Experience, time, and observation reveals there are ways to architect joy.

To be free to use your time to pay attention to what matters and what matters to you.

Or as the late David Foster Wallace said in his mind shifting talk This is Water:

“The important kind of freedom involves attention and awareness and discipline and being able truly to care about other people and to sacrifice for them over and over in myriad petty, unsexy ways every day. That is real freedom. That is being educated and understanding how to think. The alternative is unconsciousness, the default setting, the rat race, the constant gnawing sense of having had, and lost, some infinite thing.”

The ordinary becomes extra-ordinary when we pay attention, and we find poetry in the crevices of every day.

“We love life if we find a way to it…”

Appreciation

Among the teachings of the Stoics is the ephemeral nature of life and the passing of time.

As the years go by we find “each year harder to live within…each year harder to live without”

The followers of Wabi-Sabi in the Orient recognize the impermanence, imperfection, and incompleteness of all things.

The Poet Kate Ryan writes of the “joy of finding lost things”

And Carly Simon in “Anticipation” sings that she will stay right here because these are the good old days.

From all these individuals one learns three mental exercises to appreciate what we have:

Imagine a thing you own or a person or place you appreciate lost.

All of us have lost things and sometimes re-found them.

Often not.

A set of keys, a wallet, a passport.

Sometimes a child in a crowd and sometimes a friend after an argument who we make up with.

Other times it is our health or a home or a job.

When we lose something, we often feel more pain in its absence than the joy we had in its presence.

Whenever we have the opportunity to recover it, we appreciate it more than ever before.

An exercise from the Stoics is to imagine you have lost something to appreciate what one has.

As the line goes “we do not know what we have until we have lost it”

Imagine that you were doing something for the last time.

What makes the ordinary and every day extra-ordinary is that one day it will not be so.

There will be a last day a child will crawl. A last day you will see someone. A last day you will visit a place or drive a car or go to a restaurant. Sometimes we know the last times and often we do not. When we are aware of the last times, we have a higher sense of attention and a sensitivity to the specialness and the passing of the moment.

But these last times come every week and sometimes every day.

Imagine that the life you lead is the life that millions aspire to as you aspire to some other life.

We sometimes define our happiness by our advancement toward the things we do not have versus the things we do have.

Most people living in the Western World or Upper and Upper Middle Classes of most countries who also have their health are living the life that billions aspire to.

The life we have got used to is the aspiration for most people.

We are living the dream life for many as we dream of living some other life.

We may wish to celebrate every new day as a day of thanks and gratitude.

Kindness

One of the keys to a good life and possibly success at work is kindness.

This includes not just being kind to other people but kind to oneself.

Often we spend our time regretting, self-flagellating, doubting our decisions and wondering if we can ever measure up especially in a world filled with standards and measures that are unattainable.

In today’s competitive marketplace of rapidly transforming landscapes and constant benchmarking we often forget that we are dealing not just with buyers, sellers, users, members, competitors, analysts, scientists, management and employees but with analog, carbon based, feeling filled people.

Humans.

Messy and Moody. Dream filled and desire driven.. Anxiously ambitious. Undulating with uncertainty.

Kindness is a way to connect in a world where connections are key.

George Saunders the writer in a convocation speech said:

“When young, we’re anxious — understandably — to find out if we’ve got what it takes. Can we succeed? Can we build a viable life for ourselves? But you — in particular you, of this generation — may have noticed a certain cyclical quality to ambition. You do well in high-school, in hopes of getting into a good college, so you can do well in the good college, in the hopes of getting a good job, so you can do well in the good job so you can . . .

And this is actually O.K. If we’re going to become kinder, that process has to include taking ourselves seriously — as doers, as accomplishers, as dreamers. We have to do that, to be our best selves.

Still, accomplishment is unreliable. “Succeeding,” whatever that might mean to you, is hard, and the need to do so constantly renews itself (success is like a mountain that keeps growing ahead of you as you hike it), and there’s the very real danger that “succeeding” will take up your whole life, while the big questions go untended.

Do all the other things, the ambitious things — travel, get rich, get famous, innovate, lead, fall in love, make and lose fortunes, swim naked in wild jungle rivers (after first having it tested for monkey poop) – but as you do, to the extent that you can, err in the direction of kindness.”

All the best to you readers for the days ahead…

Photography by Rishad Tobaccowala

AI is Under-Hyped.

Image by GPT-4

The development of AI is as fundamental as the creation of the microprocessor, the personal computer, the Internet, and the mobile phone. It will change the way people work, learn, travel, get health care, and communicate with each other. Entire industries will reorient around it. Businesses will distinguish themselves by how well they use it.

Bill Gates

My sense is that AI will have far greater impact than the microprocessor, the PC, the Internet and the mobile phone. It will have the impact of the printing press, electricity, the automobile, the telephone, television/radio and vaccinations which were far more impactful in changing every aspect of society than information technology.

There are many who believe AI is hype and just a new form of advanced statistics turbocharged by the data available on the Internet, new algorithms and increasingly powerful processors from Nvidia and others.

To keep up to date on this thinking do bookmark and read the AI Hype Wall of Shame below.

The AI Hype Wall of Shame

Here is why I think otherwise:

Image by GPT-4

1. The keys are in place for AI to truly combustOxygen, heat, and fuel are frequently referred to as the "fire triangle." Add in the fourth element, the chemical reaction, and you actually have a fire "tetrahedron."

Fuel = Money. Scott Galloway has written about how he believes that Money rather than Taylor Swift should have been Time’s Person of the Year and there is no doubt that money is overwhelming everything from sports to politics. The largest single tsunami of money movement is to AI both within the worlds of Private Equity and Venture Capital but also within the investment allocations of companies everywhere in the world. Between December 10 and 16 the center of the AI world was not in SF but in New Orleans at NeurIPS 2023 where tens of thousands of people from all over the world including big booths from financial firms like Citadel to major money players from China.

Oxygen= Free. We have seen the marginal cost of compute on a plunge to zero, the marginal cost of distribution due to internet plunge to zero and now we are going to see the cost of knowledge plunge to zero. Massive compute and storage power in the Cloud, world wide access and distribution and global knowledge that is free as open source systems from Mistral and Meta now 4 to 5 months behind the best closed systems from OpenAI (an inappropriate name for a non transparent company filled with intrigue and soap opera ) catch up with far cheaper and faster tech that require less compute and will run on a laptop!

Heat= Disarray. The bankruptcy of old models built for 1945. Here from the New York Times is an extract from an article on something as central as the global financial system:

“Nearly 80 years later, the global financial architecture is outdated, dysfunctional and unjust,” António Guterres, secretary general of the United Nations, said this summer at a summit in Paris. “Even the most fundamental goals on hunger and poverty have gone into reverse after decades of progress.”

The world today is geopolitically fragmented. More than three-quarters of the current I.M.F. and World Bank countries were not at Bretton Woods. China’s economy, in ruins at the end of World War II, is now the world’s second-largest, an engine of global growth and a crucial hub in the world’s industrial machine and supply chain. India, then still a British colony, is one of the top five economies in the world.

Can governments grappled with internal dissensions and the external shifts of a multi-polar regulate a global, exponentially scaling in power, rapidly declining in cost super force soon available to all ?

Image by GPT-4

2. Every knowledge workers job in the developed world and probably in the developing world will be significantly impacted in less than a thousand days.

We are in world where the cost of knowledge is tending towards zero, where the cost of content creation is being dramatically reduced, where the time spent in collecting, collating, organizing and presenting information is being reduced by 50% to 80% and most managerial tasks of allocating, delegating, monitoring and measuring will be done ruthlessly faster with fewer mistakes by AI than what exactly is a knowledge workers job?

If you were impressed by prompt to text and prompt to image now consider Idea to Video via Pika .

A recent Boston Consulting Group study shows the impact of today’s generative ai technology (which will be exponentially better and cheaper next year) including how these technologies enable a flattening of skills.

Most knowledge firms like law to consulting to marketing basically have a system where they charge by the hour.

Now consider that AI a) dramatically reduces the number of hours, b) lessens the need for lower level associates who often did collection, collation, compilation, and co-ordination work done by AI ( and these are the most profitable to a service company since the difference between what they are paid and billed is widest in these firms and c) and allows mid level performers who may be paid much less than the most senior executives to operate close to their level of competence.

Now imagine the impact on jobs in a future where one must bill less time with lower margin and fewer senior people?

No need to imagine. McKinsey has shrunk its new partner class by 35% from 380 people last year to 250 this year. And Ernst and Young has cut 10% of all of its consulting partners. While these are about today’s challenges these firms are smart enough to anticipate tomorrow. ( For the near term AI has been a boon to consulting and other firms but this is the first time what they are consulting about is also likely to revolutionize their business.)

In the media industry of publishing and news already 20,000 jobs have been cut as changes by tech platform from down playing content and news to re-jiggering where they send traffic.

And the impact of AI is yet to be felt

Now imagine a television show where AI creates and powers all the content and is the Talent.

No need to imagine try out Channel 1…

Now imagine you were a translator or a company selling language lessons.

Well Eleven Labs is the first of many that will allow for real time free translation and dubbing of any content in any language or accent for close to free…

And however impressed or unimpressed you are by the above examples its nothing compared to what we will see in a few weeks ( not months or years).

Image by GPT-4

3. The Four Big Horsemen of GDP are in for an exciting ride!

In the US nearly half of GDP is concentrated in the Health, Auto, Finance and Education industries all of which are going to have amazing opportunities along with rapid changes brought about by AI which will require strong leaders to navigate.

Health: Google’s DeepMind has had major breakthroughs in protein folding which will be revolutionary in developing new cures but also is being leveraged to enhance clinical trials, interpret images and provide much more reliable and faster diagnosis.

Education: When knowledge is free and the future of all industries changing rapidly the world of education is or should be asking itself some existential questions such as What should we be teaching? Maybe in a world where allocating, delegating, monitoring and measuring will be replaced by creating, building, making and guiding, education should go back to school on what is education and how to focus less on knowledge but more on insight, wisdom, communications and creativity. Another question is since AI is going to be so disruptive to so many industries should education now focus on re-skilling and up-skilling all career long versus a focus on pre-career training?

Finance: Finance is a unique combination of math and emotion (greed/fear). AI is changing the math dramatically. Let us look at insurance which is an underwriting and claims processing business often based on actuarial tables and deep droves of data including weather patterns and sensors on cars among other objects. All the big Insurance companies are deeply investing in AI to better manage and price risk. Intriguingly AI will reduce risk and liability if cars are safer but increase liabilities if AI drives massive positive health outcomes and people live longer meaning that a lot of insurance and annuities that are sold today may be underpriced!

Auto: It is not just electric cars but all modern cars are increasingly computing engines on wheels and AI has been used for design, engineering and more. Just as we saw the rise of Chinese Auto due to the electric shift, AI be a big driver in auto. A large part of Tesla’s market capitalization is that it is one of the premier AI companies at heart.

Image by GPT-4

4. AI will create great disruption but with proper leadership can be a massive net positive for the next chapter of humanity.

Every major advance from printing press to automobiles to electricity has created great disruptions and significant loss of jobs and the need for new ways of governing and thinking but have in time been hugely positive in a multitude of ways furthering humanity.

While AI will need to be governed it will be hard to slow or stop or control due to its global nature, its exponential and rapid advancement along with the current constraints of government.

While many worry about rogue AI ending the world it is far more likely to enable a better world with amazing empowerment of individuals, catalyze tens of millions of new businesses, provide new opportunities for emerging and smaller countries, allow for a significant extension in healthier lives and much more.

The rate of how fast these changes will occur is not being understood as every firm follows a 3 E strategy of embedding, enhancing and extending their existing products and services with AI as Microsoft has done with Co-pilot or Google with Bard scaling and making available the technology to hundreds of millions of users in a matter of weeks!

The shift from the current to the new world will likely be chaotic and for individuals and institutions to remain relevant in an AI age it will be key to embrace AI, adapt yourself and your business to AI and complement AI.

This will be a time calling for great leaders, continuous learning and open imaginations.

All moving forward with great urgency…

Poetry.

“Prose: words in their best order; poetry: the best words in the best order.”

―Samuel Taylor Coleridge

“As it happens, I am still committed to the idea that the ability to think for one's self depends upon one's mastery of the language.”

―Joan Didion

Poetry is a form of “accelerated thinking”. Poems combine depth of feeling, clarity of thought and the power of imagery in a mystical combination that rises to another level of communication. They sit at the edge where reality and imagination interact.

Books of poetry are the books that are like the “axe for the frozen sea within us” which Franz Kafka believed we needed. And any of one of the poetry anthologies by Edward Hirsch (above) will open a world that will make you see your world differently.

A poem beats out time.

Poetry is a soul making activity.

It sacramentalizes experience. And it gives us courage to speak up so that:

“Where the voice that is in us makes a true response, where the voice that is great within us rises up”

And poems reminds us of the passing of time…

Time is an echo of an axe within a wood

The sunlight in the garden hardens and grows cold, we cannot cage the minute within its net of Gold

One of my favorite poems about the passing of time is called “Otherwise” by Jane Kenyon and reminds us to appreciate every day because one day it will be otherwise

Otherwise

I got out of bed
on two strong legs.
It might have been
otherwise. I ate
cereal, sweet
milk, ripe, flawless
peach. It might
have been otherwise.
I took the dog uphill
to the birch wood.

All morning I did
the work I love.
At noon I lay down
with my mate. It might
have been otherwise.
We ate dinner together
at a table with silver
candlesticks. It might
have been otherwise.
I slept in a bed
in a room with paintings
on the walls, and
planned another day
just like this day.
But one day, I know,
it will be otherwise.

Whenever you believe you have someone figured out or wonder why you cannot figure yourself or why things are always changing these lines from Ars Poetica? by Czelaw Milosz might be of help:

“The purpose of poetry is to remind us how difficult it is to remain just one person,  for our house is open, there are no keys in the doors,  and invisible guests come in and out at will.”

Or Rabindranath Tagore’s Last Poems (#13)

Poems help us “see” differently.

Here are some lines by James Wright’s book “ The Branch will not Break” which all describe dusk in a midwest prairie farm. Each line is filled with a new way of seeing and whenever I am driving in the evenings outside of Chicago I sense things differently because of these lines. The sensing and seeing also helps me in my writing, my photography and in paying attention…

Silos creep away toward the West

The cow bells follow one another into the distances of the afternoon

The sun floats down, a small golden lemon dissolves in the water

The moon suddenly stands up in the darkness

The moon drops one or two feathers into the field. The dark wheat listens.

Of all the books of Poetry I have my favorite remains the first book I bought forty five years ago which you can see through its wear and tear and is the one I would recommend to anyone wanting to discover the beauty of Poetry. Start with Shakespeare, Wordsworth, Tennyson and Dylan Thomas . It was published first in 1952. Its author died in 1964. You can still get it on online and and in most book stores…

Four Strategic Mistakes.

What is strategy?

Strategy is Future Competitive Advantage.

What will the future look like? What will people need and expect? How will demographics, technology and other global shifts create new competitors or recharge current competitors and how will categories blur, blend and maybe even disappear?

Amidst these new expectations and changing competitive dynamics what advantage will your company offer? A differentiated or better product? A competitive moat of network effects, scale or some other dynamic? A better experience? Speed and value?

When companies get strategies wrong they tend to make on or more of the following four mistakes:

Mistake 1: Strategies that limit ones competitive set or define categories by the companies one currently competes with.

Many companies do not get strategy right primarily because they do not understand the exponential impact of technology and make the cardinal mistake of defining their category and competitive set looking backward versus forward.

One example among many is the auto category which defined the key drivers of their category in ways that did not see a Tesla or an Uber for years after they began to scale. How could software be as, if not more, important than hardware? How could electric be better than internal combustion engines? Do most people need the expenses of owning cars or do they just need on demand mobility?

Now just when electric appears to be the future companies like Toyota are striking back with a “both” versus “either gas or electric” strategy with hybrids that are starting to outsell pure electric options.

Look where there is transformation in a category and the instigator is usually from outside the category or a sudden renaissance from an incumbent that everybody believes has been left behind because they start to think differently like Toyota did or as Domino’s did in re-imagining pizza delivery.

This insular or present/ backward focussed bias happens for many reasons including the innovators dilemma of companies not wanting to disrupt themselves, leadership teams hoping that they will retire before the next tsunami hits and incentive plans built to maximize today despite the entire companies future being tomorrow.

A company’s greatest opportunities and threats usually come from outside its category.

If a strategy is based only on existing competitors and todays category definitions, it may be dead on arrival.

Mistake 2: Strategies built by extrapolating todays realities into tomorrow.

Many strategies were developed or continue to be developed assuming what has been true for over a decade will remain true.

a)  Expanding and aging populations: When calculating “Total addressable market” or “rate of growth” most companies factored in growing populations.

Now the exact reverse is beginning to happen. Populations have started to decline in most advanced economies at a frightening rate.

It takes 2.1 children per mother to keep the population the same. The average across most developed countries is 1.7 and it is 1.1 in China. For the first time in the US the number has fallen below 2.1 and the population has declined this past year.

With low or no immigration, the US population according to the US census has peaked and only with high immigration will the country pass the 400 million mark. With no immigration the population will fall by one third in the next 50 years from 335 million to 226 million.

And populations are not just declining but aging fast. 10,000 people turn 65 every day in the US. By 2030 one of out of every five Americans or 20% of the US will be over 65 almost double the proportion from 2010.

With more people growing older and over half the wealth in most countries held by those over 60 every company should not just fixate on Gen Alpha and Gen Z but the other end of the age spectrum !

b) Scale is a competitive advantage: One of the long-standing tenets of business are the advantages of scale.

Scale has provided companies with many benefits from higher margins due to lower costs, to insulation from competition due to moats of marketing spending and widespread distribution.

Over the past decade however the benefits of scale have diminished and in some cases are proving to be a disadvantage:

Scale of Distribution: With direct-to-consumer marketing enabled by the Internet and platforms like Shopify, widespread retail distribution is no longer as effective an advantage. Clearly distribution matters but there are ways to route around the big stores by going direct and creating demand that forces buyers to stock your product.

Scale of Communication: New media behaviors by people particularly search and social are leading to communication channels where spending power is no longer a competitive edge as it was in television or print where marketers cornered key inventory at advantageous prices. Platforms like Facebook enable millions of small businesses with personalization and targeting capabilities to discover customers and be discovered. As content supported by advertising declines to less than a third from nearly two thirds the scale of spending while still being important is losing its potency.

Scale of Manufacturing: The “Everything as a service” platforms from Amazon Web Services to Foxconn allow smaller companies to gain the edges of scaled manufacturing, distribution, and technology without any of the legacy disadvantages of size.

Scale of People: From IBM to GE to Unilever to Walmart there are hundreds of thousands of employees and therefore ability to recruit and grow a range of talent and offer career advancement. Scale of people continue to be important to execute complex and large tasks but there are also new ways to re-aggregate talent. And a generation of talent wants to work in smaller and more entrepreneurial environments. In the post Covid world as we move to unbundled workplaces there will be far more ways to build teams both globally and in real time than ever before.

Legacy scale still matters in most industries and is critical in quite a few like semi-conductors. In fabricating advanced chips, a new fabrication plant can cost over 4 billion dollars and there is no way around scale. Today TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company) dominates due to its scale.

However, while we can never underestimate legacy scale, there are new forms of scale that every smart company recognizes and is expanding into such as the scale of networks, scale of data, scale of influence and scale of talent and ideas.

c)  Capital and talent are in abundant supply: As the world has moved away from a Zero Interest Rate Policy regime the past decade of  easy access to capital is shredding so many strategies that were built on low to no cost of capital.

The bigger long term shift is the shift of power and options to talent and labor away from capital and management in many developed markets.

The first factor is simply demand and supply dynamics are changing as populations in these countries decline and age and immigration is limited as the chart below shows.

Then one has changing mindsets of talent whether it be Gen-Z questioning the current workplace or post Covid-19 mindsets where all our minds are like champagne corks in that they have swelled and no longer fit back into the world that management desperately hopes to will back.

And then there is a huge surge in talent looking to maximize their optionality with 66 percent of Gen-Z who have a full time job also having a side hustle or gig for additional compensation and building an off ramp into a new career. In the US 76 percent of Gen-Z want to work for themselves with the number in East Asia now higher than 80%?

This combination of low unemployment, new mindsets among white collar workers and a significant increase in Union power has stunned boards to such an extent that after AI, companies most frequently call out Unions and Talent as key areas of impact in earning calls.

The future vectors of change will not be built around the forces of the past

Mistake 3: Strategies focused on technology trends.

Every board loves a deck with Excel spreadsheets and Powerpoints panting excitedly on every page about the buzzword bingo of the moment.

It used to be personalization, platforms, data lakes and disruption.

Then it was Web3, Direct to Consumer, Metaverse, Blockchain.

Now it is AI here, AI there and AI everywhere!

While AI is expected to be even more transformational than the Web and the iPhone combined and will change the contours of business and life, it is highly unlikely AI itself will be a differentiator to a majority of companies.

In fact it is likely to be a commodity like data.

Both are like electricity.

No company will be able to compete without significant data and AI investments but it highly unlikely that it will be the data and the AI that will be the differentiator.

The future of AI in a company will be about how it is used not to replace but to turbocharge HI ( Human Inspiration). And CFO’s who believe AI will replace people and generate savings should also keep in mind that world class talent with AI and a clean sheet of paper might also replace many existing companies! (Thus leaving the cost cutting CFO without a job!)

In fact the real good CFO’s are investing, learning and starting to leverage AI to turbocharge growth versus only guillotining costs! (Without a doubt anything that a machine can do better will be done by a machine and so there will be savings and elimination of many tasks).

Technology including AI should be an input to strategy rather than writing strategies around technology !

Mistake 4 : Strategies that do not incorporate talent dynamics.

Unless talent in an organization is aligned and trained with the new strategy and therefore their behaviors are transformed, the company will not transform and the strategy will not be any real than the posters, t-shirt, and coffee cups that they are embossed on.

After the strategy document, the M&A plan, and the re-organization (all of which are important) nothing gets done unless the messy issue of people are dealt with and therefore talent dynamics should be a key part of strategy planning.

Specifically:

Why is the strategy good for the employees ? Why is it good for their personal future competitive advantage? ( Telling talent things like it is good for the company or if they do not change they will lose their jobs has zero motivational power or impact).

How will incentive plans be changed to align future behaviors with the new strategy? (To understand behavior of talent and management follow incentive plans not strategy)

What is the training and growth development plan? (Any strategy which does not invest in training and upgrading people to align with the new direction or strategy is purely delusion)

And this will remain true in the AI age where while every job will change and many white collar jobs (unlike in previous technology shifts where blue collar jobs were impacted) may be eradicated talent will still be key.

History has shown that very advance in technology places a premium on superior ability.

Today there are marvelous breakthroughs in AI technology from Open AI, Anthropic, Adobe, Google, Meta among the big firms and companies like Runway ML, Pika Art, Eleven Labs, and hundreds of others.

They are all awe inspiring and jaw dropping technologies that are advancing at rapid speed.

But remember the typewriter did not write “A Farewell to Arms” but Hemingway did.

If I had a word processor and ChatGPT and Hemingway has a pen he would write better.

If Hemingway also had ChatGPT the distance between us would be even wider.

Hemingway with a Substack would have scaled amazingly better than most.

It is not the technology; it is the talent.

Talent has scaled globally using technology like a lever.

So, we should worry less about how AI will replace talent but how we will leverage AI to scale ourselves, our teams and companies.

Growing, leading, attracting, retaining, and investing in talent is going to be a key strategic advantage.

Every human and individual and employee with the right support and placement can be highly productive and valuable.

Every strategy deck should have a significant section on how to turbocharge and build the strategy leveraging talent and not just focus on competitive dynamics, financial metrics and total addressable market and other data.

Companies grow and transform when talent grows and transforms.

Wide Spectrum Reading.

“The more that you read, the more things you will know. The more that you learn, the more places you'll go.”

― Dr. Seuss, I Can Read With My Eyes Shut!

“A reader lives a thousand lives before he dies. The man who never reads lives only one.”
― George R.R. Martin, A Dance with Dragon

“Books are the quietest and most constant of friends; they are the most accessible and wisest of counselors, and the most patient of teachers.”
― Charles W. Eliot

Life without reading and books would be a mistake.

In many ways the fastest way to learn, the best way to empathize with others, to grow and challenge oneself and to fuel ones thinking and ability to communicate is to read.

If our bodies are in part what we eat our minds and spirit is in large part what we read.

If innovation is connecting dots in new ways and ideas are fueled by insights then both of these are often turbocharged by reading.

But in a world with so much to do, filled with so many books and so little time how can we read deeply and widely?

I read forty to sixty books every year spanning fiction and non-fiction, graphic novels and children books, anthologies and literary periodicals, allocating an hour or two a day to the task.

This is in addition to the newspapers, magazines, email newsletters , blogs, and Substack’s that keep me informed but I have found they are not sufficient miss a to truly understand, grow and thrive.

Most people do not have the luxury of such time but if you have 20 to 25 minutes a day ( an hour and a half a week ) here is a recommendation of 7 resources that will provide you with the greatest range of world class writing in English from all over the globe every year. They are all available both in paper form which is my preference but also in digital form and a few as audible books.

I have read each of them for over two decades and they form the foundation of my yearly reading and are probably the best return on time spent every year.

The Best American Series.

The Best American Series consist of six annual anthologies guest edited by a different person each year. The three I recommend are the essay, short stories and science anthologies ( Was also a big fan of the travel writing anthology whose publication was discontinued in 2022 ).

The essays introduce you to distinct voices. This year’s foreword by the outgoing long time series editor on censorship and freedom of speech is in itself worth the price of the book.

If “art is the lie that tells the truth” than the short stories are compressed truth.

Science and Nature are far broader and deeper than AI and Climate change as the Science and Nature compilation reveals.

Each book contains about 20 pieces that take about 20 minutes each to read and are sourced from hundreds of periodicals. They span a diverse spectrum perspectives, and points of view. Each year at least a dozen of these sixty impact the way I think or live and you might find them similarly meaningful.

These are available globally in print, electronically and as audio books. The print editions are $17 in the US and less than 400 rupees ( $5 )each in India.

Pushcart Prize Anthologies

If you read only one book a year this is the one you should read.

It sources its material from smaller and off beat periodicals ( no New Yorker or Paris Review or Atlantic Magazines) and contains fiction, non-fiction, essays and poetry many of which will have the impact of being slapped by a cold fish on your face ( in a nice way).

The range of writers and voices are ones you do not often come across including the inner life of influencers, the drama of being a gamer and perspectives of people you never knew existed.

No gloss, no floss, no boss.

Just amazing writing filled with passion using and twisting language into lines that will transform you.

This is a big book running hundreds of pages and dipping in and out over the year is the best way to approach it.

The Paris Review and Granta.

The Paris Review and Granta are quarterly periodicals that are unique and very different from each other. While both publish fiction, non-fiction, photography and art they are complementary in many ways.

The Paris Review has a unique series called “ The Art of…” which are interviews carried out over months with two different artists each quarter on how they create their art. These include fiction writers, dramatists, poets, journalists, biographers, film makers and much more. Paris Review also has a number of free digital newsletters including a poem of the day.

Granta reads younger and more global and usually focusses on a theme or region. One quarter the entire series will be about brothers and sisters. The latest issue will be about Deutschland (Germany). Based on this theme one can read a spectrum of writing and look at photographs, collages and much more. Granta also has a tilt to travel and exploration relative to the Paris Review.

Both can be accessed digitally and/or in print. (No audible version).

You can learn more about the Paris Review here: https://www.theparisreview.org/

And about Granta here: https://granta.com/

The New York Review of Books.

The New York Review of Books is published 24 times a year and is really a magazine of ideas that use writers and books as as starting point to cover politics, economics, society, film, music and art.

An example the issue above has a wonderful essay by Natalie Anger called “ Not Milk?”on why we do not need milk and how milk is one of the most successful marketed products. There is a take down of private equity with data that will blow you away and two pieces “ How Germans See Jews Today” and “Tragedy on the West Bank” which provide great nuance, depth, perspective, humanity and wisdom on the tragedy unfolding in the Middle East.

These seven suggestions of four books and three annual subscriptions will set you back about 15 dollars a month ( or two beers during happy hour )and any one of these or all of them can make a great gift to yourself, your loved ones or your colleagues.

They are available globally and while published in the US or UK they source writers from all over the world. The limitations are that they focus primarily on the English language and that means the spectrum is not as wide or all encompassing as it could be but still it is a pretty wide aperture.

Feel free to add your favorite books or recommendations in the comments.

Career Lessons Revisited.

“The Pen and Inkwell” by Jonathan Lhoir.

Three years ago I published 12 Career Lessons which has remained among the three most read pieces. Today, three years later in workplace altered by Covid, anticipating the impact of AI, and roiled by new mindsets whether they be of generational differences, a rise of a multi-polar world or a breakdown of trust in many institutions around the world, I am republishing the piece which has stood the test of time and change with some additional learnings and refinements to reflect the past 1000 days.

"Dawn's Whispers: Graceful Hoopoe Silhouette at Sunrise" by Hermis Valiyandiyil

The Early Years.

1. Find the least sucky job you can: Early on in your career your initial assignments being those of the starter variety will be filled with a certain rote drudgery as you are amongst the lowest of the low and will be delegated work that no one wants to do themselves.

Do not delude yourself that in your early years that you are going to find “your purpose”, “your passion” or “your identity”. Nope. You have found yourself a job in a competitive landscape and you will be learning valuable lessons on showing up even if you do not feel like coming to work to do stuff “beneath you” , how to deal with a spectrum of characters and personalities, how to present and write, and what it feels like to being bossed around.

These elementary skills will turn out to be essential in that communication skills, empathy and discipline will carry you far and be your friends forever even if you constantly change industries or the world changes around you.

In person interaction is critical in the early years of a career for three key reasons: a) it is hard to learn how to enhance communication skills , build interpersonal skills and relationships or imbibe and adjust to to a culture remotely. These skills will be key for decades and they are easier and important to learn earlier. While it may be more expensive, less convenient and often difficult to commute and sit in a space which is not personalized the one era where in person work is key is early in ones career. Ask anyone who tried to onboard during Covid.

Early on a career my advice is to seize the opportunity that appears and build from it. Raise your hand to new opportunities. Do not say no to new experiences or difficult work because till you try it you will not know for yourself what you might learn or how you might fit.

2. The Trend is your Friend: If you are fortunate to be able to pick between jobs or find demand for your skills that allow you to choose between opportunities in a company, do not select the higher paying one but the one that is aligned with the future. Shakespeare wrote “we must take the current when it serves. Or lose our ventures” which in modern vernacular is “go with the flow my friend”. A majority of career success is to be aligned with trends and industries that are rising and even mediocre players can succeed in an unstoppable tide. Aligning with a trend and particularly aligning early is critical because not only will the force be with you, but your skills will be in demand as the area grows and if you have joined early you will be experienced and become well known in the field.

When joining a company investigate how it will be impacted in a world where AI will be embedded everywhere changing every job and new ways of communicating like AR/VR and XR create both new ways of communicating and break down barriers. How are the moats and bridges of the company and industry going to be impacted? A simple question to ask your prospect company is how they define their competitive set. If they define it with only existing competitors be careful since most industries are likely to be disrupted from outside their categories and this is an indication of management teams fixated on today or yesterday which will not work for you since most of your career will be spent in the future.

Another great question is to ask your interviewer is how they are learning or experimenting with AI or some new technology or what did they learn or build or create in the past quarter? You want to work for builders, growers, innovators, and learners and keep away from allocators, managers, delegators or monitors.

3.Plan and make decisions over a long horizon: Today people coming out of school and early in their careers will work for nearly 50 years. With life expectancies nearing the mid-eighties, social security being pushed back and health holding out till the seventies it is unlikely that you will be parked on a beach in your mid-fifties. Maybe in your mid-sixties or later. And even if you do not have to work for financial reasons you will do for reasons of meaning, connection and growth. Thus, do not make job or career decisions with three to five-month horizons but three to five-year horizons. Do not switch jobs just because of money unless you are under extreme financial stress. Try to give each company or assignment or adventure at least three years and if it is an industry or company at least five. Your decision making will be better, your skills will mature, and you will take daily and weekly gyrations in perspective.

4. Even the best jobs are only good seventy percent of the time: If you have a great job you will find yourself questioning three days out of ten what you are doing, why you are doing it and if you are any good. The reasons for this are three-fold. First, do recognize that you are being paid for what you do and the more you are paid the harder the job is and the problems and troubles you must deal with. Often the challenges or the situations or the people you have to deal with require you to steel yourself with increased resolve. Second, if you have a great job it is one that is growing you and sometimes throws you challenges that require you to build new muscles and do new things. Learning is never easy and if you are growing there will be days that the pain will feel more like a signal that you dislike your job rather than you are building new expertise. The best jobs have flow which is a combination of competence and challenge and sometimes the challenge can be quite daunting. Finally, we are all living in a time of great change, chaos and velocity which is filled with uncertainty. The most relevant and most transformative industries are in the eye of the storm and this can make a day at work feel like a day in the high-speed spin cycle of a laundry machine. And with today’s health, economic and social challenges, one often longs for a pause or rewind button.

5. Compete against yourself rather than with others: The trick is not to try to better than everyone, which is neither possible nor attainable for long or with everybody who is doing the grading. Rather it is to be better every day than you were yesterday. Perpetual improvement by learning from those you admire and respect or expertise you appreciate is not only fulfilling but one that you can control free of petty politics or pissing of people that you will need to work with. Oddly, it is more competitive than external competition because you can win externally often via bamboozling and sleight of hand, but you cannot really fool yourself. Get better because in it there is reward.

The goal is growth. Growth in your skills both mental and emotional. A little better every day or week compounds like interest to amazing returns particularly in the back half of your career. Build the ability to make decisions, to understand and empathize with others, to remain resilient and find ways to resurrect after a bad interlude at work. Bad stuff happens to everyone. The key is how to turn it into fuel to bounce back. Learn self-repair. Practice resurrection.

One key to growth is to spend at least an hour a day learning. If you do not have the time you are accepting obsolescence. You must find the time and with the exception of sleep and time with family and possibly exercise it is the most important investment in your life. Look around you and you will find the best in the world remain the best in the world by constantly upgrading themselves regardless of how busy or pressured they are.

Today there is even less excuse not to learn. You can access the very same AI tools as the worlds biggest firms by paying about 50 dollars a month ( GPT-4, Runway ML, Mid-Journey, Eleven Labs or their equivalents), get access to the best minds and training for free on You-Tube, Substack or podcast platforms like Spotify. The obstacles to enhancement are no longer physical or financial and if you do not seize them do remember others are…

6. Plan your career as if you were a company of one.

Think of yourself as a better paid Uber driver with benefits if you work for a company. If your expertise is needed at that time or in a particular market and location, and your collaboration and ability to work in teams is highly rated you will be in demand. If not, as companies manage and monitor costs and increasingly find ways to plug into resources all the time everywhere you will find yourself parked permanently.

The world we will be living in will be one that is driven by cloud computing, 5g speeds, AI machine learning and the death of distance is both enabling opportunities but also raising competition.

Think of the Hollywood model where expertise comes together on tv or movie projects and then the people disband and move on. Very few people work at a Studio. Most people work in teams where they bring their skill whether it be casting, directing, catering or make up etc. The future of business will be similar as companies begin re-aggregating expertise around projects versus having hordes of generalists or people hanging around for a project. McKinsey and Bain have done this for years.

I am not suggesting that everyone will be a freelancer going from gig to gig but if you build your career with the mindset of continually honing expertise, working well with other people in teams and being flexible you will succeed in your company of tens of thousands versus thinking of yourself as a cog in big machine waiting for someone to care for or build your career.

Most importantly you are the Human Resources Head of your company of one. Human Resources and Talent teams at companies including the one you work for are very important and essential to both the companies and to you BUT it is YOU and not THEY who are responsible for your career. They may be guides and resources to help you drive your career forward but you must take the wheel and steer. It is up to you with input from others to understand the map of the future terrain of the workplace and what upgrades to your driving skills or car(eer) you need and then find ways to navigate and fund what you need.

"Paper Nautilus Rider" by Renee Capozzola

The Middle Decades.

7. Who you work for is critical so choose your boss well:  Once you get past the first decade of your career and you have learnt essential skills including how to keep learning, built an early reputation and if lucky aligned with a growing trend, the key to success is to find and hold on to the right boss.

Over the next decade or two, who you work for will be the determining factor in your success more than anything else you do. The middle years are really about being given new opportunities to learn and grow and linking with someone who is both growing themselves and is mentoring your own growth. A successful boss increases their remit and thus makes new opportunities for you, but also ensures that they have your back while being very upfront and straightforward with you face to face. They challenge you but cover for you when necessary. Find one or more of these and hold on tight. It makes all the difference and every successful leader has been fortunate to have found people who mentored, challenged and looked after them.

Today when more people work by themselves or in small companies or move around every three of four years these mentors may be found outside ones companies including ex Clients, former bosses or other mentors. Build a kitchen cabinet or a personal board because often we ourselves are so inside ourselves that we may not see things clearly or get too high or too low on ourselves.

8. Find Fit: In your middle career you should begin to specialize. You now know what you enjoy and are passionate about. You also know where you have comparative advantage. And you can see where there are growing and declining opportunities. Continuously adapt your job and find ways to start doing more and more things at the intersection of passion, comparative advantage and market demand. Today, more than ever before it is experts who love their jobs that are happiest and successful. Stop thinking that everyone can or should be a CEO. And for a lot of people the CEO job makes zero sense. Stop doing and pursuing things just because other people think they are cool jobs. Stop living in other peoples’ minds and start living in your own life. It is only then that autonomy, purpose and mastery come together, and you fit your role and your role fits you. Pursuing the highest rungs, the largest paycheck and the most external acclaim may lead you to follow the wrong star home. So many people price themselves out of their dreams and fail to recognize that Plan B was the real plan.

And sometimes it is important to stick to plan A especially if it is off the beaten path. If someone decides to work as a doctor or an engineer or a big firm they are rarely told to have a plan B. But if someone wants to be a writer, artist, creator, entrepreneur they are told to have a plan B. Plan A’s often are the best plans and if you can avoid having a cost structure that forces you to a Plan B stick to Plan A as long as you can.

The key is to maximize your options not your possessions.

9. Build your Brand: As you get to the last third of your career it is very crucial to enter it with a stellar reputation. As Jeff Bezos said a brand is what they say about you when you are not in the room. In addition to being generous and working with integrity which are key to being a successful brand it is important to be well positioned niche (what are you world class at or what is your special expertise?), have a distinct and clear voice (who are you and what do you stand for) and have a story (why should people believe you). Here is an exercise on how to build a personal brand

Your resume is not what is on your hard drive or LinkedIn. Rather, in large part it is your web presence, particularly the first page that people see on Google when they search for you or today the answer a Chatbot provides when you ask …Who is X? Go right now and check out the responses when you put your name into a chatbot or into Google. Go look at news. Go look at pictures. Go look at videos. This is you as the future becomes more distributed and digital.

To help create a better presence think of being active on some combination of Threads, X, Instagram, TikTok or LinkedIn. Develop a website (using Square Space or some other service) think of writing a blog on some passion or hobby or even start a newsletter. Consider now of using some GPT tools to create a GPTYou. ( stay tuned for one coming from me in the next few weeks)

"The Sad Poncho" by XJ Toh.

The Later Years.

10. Unlearn. Transform. Re-Invent: Three decades plus into work still leave a decade or two of career ahead and this is where things can get really dangerous or fulfilling.

If you have been successful you might be getting set up for a fall because —without you knowing it —the Industry you grew up in is being transformed and there are new technologies and approaches that make what you learned obsolete and just when you think you have arrived you have to unlearn what made you successful.  

Which is why has to start learning and changing and making mistakes that you long thought you no longer have to do since you are a leader and not a rookie. You are too cool and too senior to actually make a fool of yourself but if you do not want to become as irrelevant as you fear privately you will have to change. Now all this talk about “change is good “that you have been stating to your teams has to be applied to yourself and you begin to realize that change actually sucks since you have to learn and trip and re-grow.

The really successful folks in the last third of the career have become students and learners again. If they have built a brand and have worked with integrity and helped others along the way, a swarm of people come to help them adjust. They reverse mentor, form a trampoline of trust and ensure that you do not fail since they recall the days you helped them. Sooner or later you will sow the seeds you planted and Karma is real.

For many folks the later years within a firm or outside it are often the best since they have all the mastery and fewer and fewer of the constraints. At this stage the best folks become artists. Think of late Monet with his Water Lilies which are a play on light and water that only a master could achieve or Beethoven’s late String Quartets or anything from a later Picasso.

11. Exits are as important as Entrances in Career Management: Many career books focus on impactful beginnings. There is a “first 100-day” mindset. There are many perspectives on how to fit into and make your mark into the new organization you are joining. But, there is not enough emphasis on recognizing that in multi-decade career there will be many exits. Some forced upon us (hopefully few to none) and some initiated by us. The exits at the end of a good run are particularly fraught.

A few years ago, a very successful person said “Every career has a midnight hour. The smart people leave at five to twelve”. But few do. People overstay their welcome and the end is “icky”. These endings sour the culture and tarnish an otherwise great run. The trick is to leave when they still are eager to have you around and your skills are sharp as ever.

Try not to cut ties with the companies you work for but to untie gently or when possible find to remain connected with different threads. As populations age and decline, the opportunity to leave while remaining connected will grow more prevalent.

12. Build a portfolio career and start giving back aggressively: Anyone successful in addition to working hard and playing the long game has been helped immensely by other people and have been blessed with luck. They have been given chances and now is the time to give those chances back.

During the last decade keeping in mind that you need to exit on your terms, it is time to build a portfolio career that expands from a job to one that includes a job, consulting, advising and giving back. Sooner or later the job will end but meaningful and purposeful work will continue. Successful older people end up being consultants’ part of the time and serve in advisory roles on boards or as mentors and they start teaching and helping non- profits. The folks who have ended their jobs most gracefully began these alternate streams during their last decade at work by volunteering, by teaching classes by mentoring and advising younger folks. This way they have a new road ahead when their full-time job ends and because they do, they move on gracefully into a new phase.

To access all my writing on Careers look at section 10 ( Managing Careers) here : https://rishadtobaccowala.com/100

AI and the Future of Writing… and much more…

Is writing old school?

Are books in secular decline in a world of You Tube and Tik-Tok?

Is there even a future for writers when AI is rapidly ingesting and constantly improving on all that has been written and can generate not just books from words but also create stunning images and incredible video?

Will authors disappear like the scribes who inscribed on tablets and the scroll copiers of the past?

Josh Bernoff is known to many for his role at Forrester where he was a Senior Vice President, spending 20 years analyzing technology and business. Prior to Forrester, Josh spent 14 years in start-up companies. Josh has a mathematics degree from The Pennsylvania State University and has studied mathematics in the Ph.D. program at MIT.

For nearly a decade Josh has focussed on writing. He has authored, co-authored or ghost written 8 books. Josh now works closely with nonfiction authors as an advisor, coach, editor, or ghostwriter collaborating on more than 50 nonfiction books.

As a mathematician and a person deeply familiar with technology and its impact on marketing and business who is also now deeply learned about the world of books and writing, Josh joined me (another mathematician with some marketing experience who is writing his second book) to discuss AI and the future of creativity and much more. We discuss how human intelligence and artificial intelligence will impact each other.

It is a conversation relevant to all individuals even if they are not interested in writing or creativity or technology since the world of AI is going to impact every job and industry and our discussion spans everything from how to leverage and ignite human inspiration in this new age to why it is key to be paranoid early and much more.

You can listen to the less than 40 minute conversation ( no ads, no promotions, tightly edited to maximize insights per minute) on any podcast platform or click below to hear it on Spotify or Apple (end of post). A few points from our discussion is the focus of this weeks post.

Will AI replace writers?

AI will replace many writers.

The hack writers.

It will not replace writers who have wit which is some combination of insight, humor, emotion and surprise who focus on communing and connecting with human minds and emotions.

In fact, the best writers today use AI as an input to power, expand and challenge themselves in ways that improve their writing and expand their thinking. AI expands the palette and opens new horizons rather than eliminate and shrink the future.

This is because writing is about feeling and connection and not just words and information.

As long as writing addresses human issues of identity, journey, conflict, searching for self and growth versus just being about sharing data correctly spelled and edited there will be a role for writers and writing.

Creativity is not just about connecting the dots but connecting dots in new ways with a unique voice and some combination of forward thinking perspectives, provocations, and points of view.

Right now GPT-4 (I used the upgraded Chat GPT) seems to agree in part with Josh and my perspective. (Notice it believes we will not COMPLETELY be replaced but some replacement is indeed expected.)

Rishad Tobaccowala to GPT 4 :When will AI replace writers?

GPT 4: The notion of AI replacing writers entirely is a complex and speculative topic. As of now, and likely for the foreseeable future, AI is not poised to completely replace human writers for several reasons:

Creativity and Originality: AI excels at processing and generating content based on existing data, but it lacks the ability to truly create something original and unique that stems from personal human experiences, emotions, and perspectives.

Emotional Depth and Nuance: While AI can mimic certain styles and emotional tones, it doesn't actually experience emotions and therefore cannot fully replicate the depth and subtlety of human emotional expression in writing.

Cultural and Contextual Sensitivity: Human writers understand their cultural context and can adapt their writing to be sensitive to societal norms, subtle language nuances, and regional idioms. AI, though improving, often struggles with these aspects.

Moral and Ethical Judgment: Writing often involves making nuanced moral and ethical judgments. AI does not possess the intrinsic moral compass or the understanding of complex ethical considerations that humans do.

Audience Engagement: Human writers can engage with their audience, understand feedback, and adapt their writing in ways that are personally relatable. AI lacks this level of interactive and empathetic understanding.

Creative Collaboration and Interpretation: Writers often collaborate with others, drawing on shared ideas and interpreting feedback. AI does not have the capability for this type of creative and interpretive interaction.

While AI will continue to become a more powerful tool for assisting writers in tasks like research, language correction, generating ideas, or even drafting content, it's unlikely to replace the unique creative and emotional aspects that human writers bring. The future will likely see a collaboration between AI and human creativity, rather than a replacement.

(As I just collaborated with AI to write the section above and create the image of the scroll writer and modern tablet at the top of the post and robot and the lady later in the post).

Human curation and direct relationships between writers and their readers are key to the future of many authors.Hundreds of thousands of books on Amazon are now fake books written by AI with authors names similar or identical to other authors. All the books in the image above are among tens of thousands if not hundreds of thousands of AI generated books.

From the New York Times article that found thousands of fake books in just the travel section:

“The books are the result of a swirling mix of modern tools: A.I. apps that can produce text and fake portraits; websites with a seemingly endless array of stock photos and graphics; self-publishing platforms — like Amazon’s Kindle Direct Publishing — with few guardrails against the use of A.I.; and the ability to solicit, purchase and post phony online reviews, which runs counter to Amazon’s policies and may soon face increased regulation from the Federal Trade Commission.

The use of these tools in tandem has allowed the books to rise near the top of Amazon search results and sometimes garner Amazon endorsements such as “#1 Travel Guide on Alaska.”

In a gushing Niagara of content created by AI which is optimized using data to create and non transparent algorithms to distribute, real people are likely to turn to analog humans to help them distill and curate a little stream of engaging content they may find tasteful.

The future of discovery and curation might increasingly be human BUT also it will be key for many writers to have a direct relationship with their readers ( Just as all sorts of businesses and marketers today do not want to be near crap and want to build a direct relationship with their customers vs renting access from platforms)

Josh discusses how Authors are not being helped by Amazon and others middlemen and it will key for creators to have a direct relationship and ownership. All the content and the email list of people who publish on Substack like this newsletter for instance is owned by the creator and can be moved anywhere.

Be paranoid early and learn how to work with AI.

Josh warns us all not to be comfortable and keep learning as he learned Social Media in his 40’s to co-author Groundswell and how he continues today to learn about AI.

We should never believe we are too senior or too old for the gusts of change not to impact us in the next few months or that this can be delegated away to other folks or just be handled only by getting consultants to write a action plan.

The new technologies are not just like Photoshop and other tech but is likely to be more fundamental and existential.

Josh discusses why the recent settled strike by writers and actors focused so much on A and why though AI might not replace many jobs it will impact and change nearly every white collar job.

It is essential that everyone today embrace ( learn and use AI tools), adapt ( understand how their job and company processes will need to change) and complement (determine how AI and Human Inspiration can augment each other )

Here is how to remain relevant in an AI age.

The history of AI is over 80 years old. You can learn and view its developments here at the online Computer History Museum site. After many ups and downs, false dawns and surviving many winters AI or what Ted Chiang, the author calls “Applied Statistics

Read full story

And do listen to entire conversation between Josh and me for much more below (or above)

Soaring Via Feedback.

To grow one needs to continuously improve.

 A key ingredient to improvement is feedback.

Feedback however is both difficult to give and receive.

In fact the words “feedback”, and “performance review” are being replaced by words such as “feedforward” and “connect sessions”

In addition, there is a concern that criticism may be taken as a form of insensitivity or discrimination as companies rightly focus on ensuring diversity, equity and inclusion.

We all love to linger in cuddle puddles and be sprayed with showers of reinforcement that builds our self-confidence. But, we are living in a competitive world where a lack of feedback could leave us stuck in place as others enhance skills and address issues.

Feedback can be given in ways that are humane, sensitive and caring but also with enough clarity to enable everyone to keep growing.

The six steps to giving better feedback.

Best practices suggest that there are six approaches that can help people give and accept feedback:

Focus on how the task or the process could have been improved rather than criticize the person: By focusing on how an assignment could be done better the emphasis is in on the product and not the person.

Compare the shortfalls to a higher standard that might have been met on another project or another time: By recalling assignments or times where the individual or team did a great job, one reinforces to the person or team that they are capable of having done better. The emphasis is on what was less than ideal on this occasion versus rather than believing the individual or team is incapable of doing a good job.

Be sensitive and aware of extenuating circumstances: We all have bad days and many times these are a result of something else distracting us or worrying us in our lives. It may be illness, family issues or other challenges. By empathizing with an individual and wondering if there is a reason quality has slipped indicates both concern and humanity.

Provide input as specific as possible as to what could be done better: Pointing out what went wrong or was less than optimal is only one half of feedback. The more important half is showing or teaching or guiding on how one can improve. Identify either steps or training or changes that need to be made.

Identify the next opportunity or project for a do-over or try another take: By showing both how one can improve and then identifying an upcoming opportunity to put the feedback to work concentrates the mind and channels emotions to action and the possibility of correcting the shortfall.

Provide personal help and perspective: If feedback is provide with examples of how the person providing feedback or other leaders have learned and improved, it signals that mistakes, mess-ups, and other shortfalls are par for the course in career growth. By also asking how you can help reinforces that you are on the persons side and are committed to building them to be better versus tearing them down.

Radical Candor

Kim Scott was a CEO coach at Dropbox, Qualtrics, Twitter, and other tech companies. She was a member of the faculty at Apple University and before that led AdSense, YouTube, and DoubleClick teams at Google and her book Radical Candor provides a great framework for feedback.

I had Kim Scott on my What Next? podcast and it is a must listen. Recently I had an other opportunity to interview Kim and she is not a fan of “feed forward”. Listen and you will be much better at giving feedback with radical candor where one combines caring personally with direct challenges.

Direct caring feedback on writing better presentations.

Most if all of us spend time writing and giving presentations.

We often focus on what we put in versus what people take out.

My friend Mark Achler is among many things a very successful venture capitalist who has often been asked on how to write a great pitch deck. After thinking about it for a while Mark put together a wonderful seven minute video on why the best presentations marry essence, empathy and emotion.

His advice is for anyone who writes presentations to sell or convince anybody not just investors. Listen to Mark not just for substance but the style with which he communicates and provides feedback!

Three ways of ensuring one is getting feedback

While we learn how to give feedback and not be scared of receiving feedback, how can we ensure that we get feedback?

1.     Scan for signals: People are constantly providing feedback even if they are not vocalizing it. In some instances, you may gauge it in numerical signals from how well your writing is read, reacted to, or shared or whether you are invited to key meetings. Other times it is to watch facial and body language. You learn a lot by reading a room or a Zoom gallery.

2.     Ask for feedback on a regular basis: One can do this with three simple questions framed in ways that ensure people are comfortable helping you since they are positive in tone:

a. What worked well?

b. If/when I do this next time what could be better?

c.  Who do you think does what I need to do well and where can I learn more?

3.     End of Day or Week Self Review: Most people know in their gut what worked or went well and what did not. Many successful individuals end the day or week with some variation of a quick three step review :

a. The Work: What went well with my work product that I feel proud about and what could have gone better?

b. The Team: What felt good and productive in the way I interacted with people and where could I have been better in some ways in handling my or someone else’s emotions.

c.  The Improvement: What little improvement did I manage to make today or this week? A new habit. Learning a new approach. Strengthening a relationship.

We get better not by being better than other people but aiming to being better than we were yesterday. Every day.

To do so it is critical to help our teams and ourselves with feedback.

Time.

Photography by Rishad Tobaccowala

Time is the essential asset.

Franz Kafka wrote “The meaning of life is that it stops”.

How we spend our days is, of course, how we spend our lives wrote Anne Dillard.

Tell me, what is it you plan to do with your one wild and precious life? asked Mary Oliver

Life is a journey through time in search of meaning.

A definition of success is the ability to spend time in the way that gives one joy.

To understand what is important before it is too late.

Photography by Rishad Tobaccowala

Successful firms and people use time differently than others.

Three behaviors/beliefs that are common to most successful individuals and firms:

The Power of Compound Interest/Compound Improvement: The most powerful concept in gaining wealth or knowledge is continuous growth over a sustained time period.

See early what others see late: Almost every successful person or company recognized a trend when it was a little stream rather than a gushing river and then committed to align with it.

Persistence: They just keep on going through adversity and setback and they remember Queen Elizabeth the First who said “Time dissolves more problems than man solves”

Photography by Rishad Tobaccowala

Five ways to make the most of time.

1. Eliminate: Many people recognizing the limitations of time tend to try to do as much as possible. They multi-task and run around in a frenzy. Usually all they achieve is more multi-tasking and more frenzy. Doing more stuff is not the same as achievement.

Activity is not productivity.

Showing how busy one is does not indicate how important one is. Rather, it might indicate that we have lost control of time and are a slave to our mailbox and have a “Pavlovian” reaction to the chiming insistence of notifications.

2. Focus:  The key to doing less is to focus. Here are two filters on how to focus:

a) Comparative Advantage: We should spend our time doing things that we can do better than most people. Some focus areas are easy like being a spouse or a parent, since by definition we should be able to do this better than other folks. However, for many of the errands we run and the assignments we take on at work, it is important to ask if we can outsource or delegate or find a colleague who is better than us so we can focus on what we are best at.

b) Positive Outcome: We should try to choose how we spend our time in ways in which we create a positive outcome. Either we 1) earn a financial reward, 2) learn something new, 3) help someone else or the team get better or 4) the experience in itself feels good.

3. Scale: We can scale ourself and our impact and therefore save time. Two ways to do this is to use "leverage" and "momentum".

Much of what we do as white-collar workers are the 4Cs: create, cogitate, communicate and convince. Basically with a few exceptions our success is based in large part on how we are as sculptors of ideas and points of view.

a) Leverage: Today technology and scheduling allow people to leverage. One can use social media, good writing and speaking skills to reach many people that you need to communicate and convince. One are not limited to small meetings and groups. Today you can move between continents with the flick of a button.

b) Momentum: The trend is our friend. To not waste our time, one needs to understand the underlying trend that is driving our firm or our business and, in most cases align with it. The world is going becoming multi-polar. Marketing is blurring and collapsing with the end of the funnel and with everything becoming multi-media and omni-channel. People, talent and individuals are growing more powerful becoming their own media companies in some cases. Most countries are becoming multi-ethnic and aging fast.

4. Do new things. Tattoo the moment: While the first three behaviors of elimination, focus and scale are logic driven, this one is more emotion based.

In the movie "Into the Wild", there is a line about how the core of existence are new experiences. Often what we remember, and which gives time certain elongation and depth are new experiences. These do not just have to be travels or new relationships and new jobs but could be as simple as walking down a new street, eating at a new place and going to a new cultural event. If there is a way to tattoo the moment into our memory we should try.

5. Give ones time to others:  One of the best ways to use your time is to use it not on ourselves but on others. Nothing is as rewarding as helping other people, mentoring younger people, paying attention to those who cannot help or give one much in material or career gain. Try to forget about ourselves in our time equation. It is in the giving and not the getting, in the helping and nurturing, that many people find the deepest joy.

If we respect other people's time. If we give them our attention. If we think not of the lack of time but the beauty of time, we will find that the time we spend is magical.

And in the end, it is the time that we do not measure that is the most meaningful of all.

On Trust.

Photography by Theo Bosboom

A case can be made that today the most important asset is that of trust.

While a Brand seeks attention its goal is to become a trust mark.

In a world where many institutions and leaders for a variety of reasons have lost trust, earning and winning back trust is key to be able to move forward.

Without trust one grapples with heat and little light.

Trust is speed in that if an individual and an organization has trust they can move much faster.

Trust is unique in that it is earned through a combination of data and emotion.

Photography by Theo Bosboom

Data. Intent Transparency.

To gain trust share the data, show the intent and be transparent about the process.

It is often said that trust is earned over time.

While this is true especially in personal relationships there is a formula to earn and keep trust.

This requires a combination of data, intent, and transparency.

The first step to earning trust is to have valid data which is shared openly with the people with whom earns to gain trust.

The data provides the facts that a perspective is based on. By sharing the data everyone can interrogate it and find any weaknesses.

But data is not enough.

We all know that data can be interpreted in different ways and so it is clear to share ones intent. What are we hoping to achieve? Be clear about goals and hoped outcomes so people are not worrying about a back story or some spurious intent or some bait and switch ruse.

In addition to data and intent one must be transparent about the process and thinking that yielded the recommendation.

Basically the three-step process works as follows:

Data: Here is why we believe.

Intent: Here is what we are hoping to achieve.

Transparency: This is the way we are analyzing, processing and reading the data to achieve our intent.

It is very hard by keeping people in the dark about key metrics to gain their trust. One of the challenges in the Hollywood Strikes is that many companies are hiding how well a show does. They are basically saying trust us but we will not show you our data.

Look where there is a breakdown of trust and one will see hidden data, spurious intentions, and dark processes.

Photography by Theo Bosboom

Trust and Integrity.

Trust and Integrity are seen as associated but different:

Integrity means doing the right thing in the right way; it means adhering to values strongly held.

Trust is a belief that someone is honest and credible; trust is earned by being honest, having a positive intent, having strong competencies, and a track record of results.

To be truly trusted as an individual and often as a firm one needs not just data, intent and transparency but also integrity.

This is where the emotion that makes all the difference between truth and trust lies.

Integrity does not mean consistency.

If there is new news and new data one would be foolish to be consistent.

Integrity does incorporate values, beliefs and purpose which tend to be about the character of an organization and an individual.

Photography by Theo Bosboom

Standards and Accountability.

To be a trusted leader or a firm or a brand one needs not just good data, clear intent, transparent process and integrity but also standards and accountability.

Today too many people blame others when things go wrong. We see duckathons, blameathons, and passing of the buck.

Or declining standards.

To be trusted one should have standards that one can be proud of and are inspirational. If one does not hold others to high standards how can they be trusted?

Today there are lots of reasons to blame the loss of trust from money seeping into politics, social media, a refusal to listen to the other side and much more. All of these maybe true but it is highly unlikely that trust can be gained by stopping these forces.

Rather it is to ask ourselves whether we have good data, clear intent, are transparently open, have integrity and believe in standards and accountability.

And insist on these from our leaders, suppliers, partners and most importantly ourselves.