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Immanuel Kant

Born

in Königsberg, East Prussia, Germany

April 22, 1724

Died

February 12, 1804

Genre

Philosophy, Politics, Social Sciences

Influences

Christian Wolff, Alexander Baumgarten, Plato, Aristotle, Sextus Empiri ...more

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Immanuel Kant was an 18th-century philosopher from Königsberg, Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia). He's regarded as one of the most influential thinkers of modern Europe & of the late Enlightenment. His most important work is The Critique of Pure Reason, an investigation of reason itself. It encompasses an attack on traditional metaphysics & epistemology, & highlights his own contribution to these areas. Other main works of his maturity are The Critique of Practical Reason, which is about ethics, & The Critique of Judgment, about esthetics & teleology.

Pursuing metaphysics involves asking questions about the ultimate nature of reality. Kant suggested that metaphysics can be reformed thru epistemology. He suggested that by understanding the so Immanuel Kant was an 18th-century philosopher from Königsberg, Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia). He's regarded as one of the most influential thinkers of modern Europe & of the late Enlightenment. His most important work is The Critique of Pure Reason, an investigation of reason itself. It encompasses an attack on traditional metaphysics & epistemology, & highlights his own contribution to these areas. Other main works of his maturity are The Critique of Practical Reason, which is about ethics, & The Critique of Judgment, about esthetics & teleology.

Pursuing metaphysics involves asking questions about the ultimate nature of reality. Kant suggested that metaphysics can be reformed thru epistemology. He suggested that by understanding the sources & limits of human knowledge we can ask fruitful metaphysical questions. He asked if an object can be known to have certain properties prior to the experience of that object. He concluded that all objects that the mind can think about must conform to its manner of thought. Therefore if the mind can think only in terms of causality–which he concluded that it does–then we can know prior to experiencing them that all objects we experience must either be a cause or an effect. However, it follows from this that it's possible that there are objects of such a nature that the mind cannot think of them, & so the principle of causality, for instance, cannot be applied outside experience: hence we cannot know, for example, whether the world always existed or if it had a cause. So the grand questions of speculative metaphysics are off limits, but the sciences are firmly grounded in laws of the mind. Kant believed himself to be creating a compromise between the empiricists & the rationalists. The empiricists believed that knowledge is acquired thru experience alone, but the rationalists maintained that such knowledge is open to Cartesian doubt and that reason alone provides us with knowledge. Kant argues, however, that using reason without applying it to experience will only lead to illusions, while experience will be purely subjective without first being subsumed under pure reason. Kant’s thought was very influential in Germany during his lifetime, moving philosophy beyond the debate between the rationalists & empiricists. The philosophers Fichte, Schelling, Hegel and Schopenhauer saw themselves as correcting and expanding Kant's system, thus bringing about various forms of German Idealism. Kant continues to be a major influence on philosophy to this day, influencing both Analytic and Continental philosophy. ...more

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Immanuel Kant’s books

Average rating: 3.91 · 123,729 ratings · 5,214 reviews · 2,958 distinct works • Similar authors

	Critique of Pure Reason 3.96 avg rating — 44,028 ratings — published 1781 — 23 editions	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
	Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals by Immanuel Kant, Christine M. Korsgaard, Mary Gregor (Editor) 3.83 avg rating — 23,428 ratings — published 1785 — 175 editions	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
	Critique of Practical Reason 3.94 avg rating — 12,066 ratings — published 1788 — 13 editions	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
	Critique of Judgment 4.10 avg rating — 9,909 ratings — published 1790 — 189 editions	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
	Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics 3.95 avg rating — 10,263 ratings — published 1783 — 269 editions	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
	An Answer to the Question: What Is Enlightenment? 3.82 avg rating — 3,296 ratings — published 1784 — 87 editions	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
	The Metaphysics of Morals by Immanuel Kant, Roger J. Sullivan, Mary J. Gregor (Editor) 3.94 avg rating — 2,826 ratings — published 1797 — 6 editions	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
	Perpetual Peace by Immanuel Kant, Mary Campbell Smith (Translator) 3.59 avg rating — 3,058 ratings — published 1795 — 87 editions	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
	Political Writings by Immanuel Kant, H.B. Nisbet (Translator), H.S. Reiss (Editor) 3.96 avg rating — 1,341 ratings — published 1797 — 17 editions	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
	Perpetual Peace and Other Essays 3.84 avg rating — 1,374 ratings — published 1795 — 27 editions	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars

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Quotes by Immanuel Kant (?)

“We are not rich by what we possess but by what we can do without.”
― Immanuel Kant

tags: contentment, poverty, riches

1205 likes

“He who is cruel to animals becomes hard also in his dealings with men. We can judge the heart of a man by his treatment of animals.”
― Emmanuel Kant

tags: animal-rights, cruelty, judge, morality, treatment

1020 likes

“Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, never merely as a means to an end, but always at the same time as an end.”
― Immanuel Kant, Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals/On a Supposed Right to Lie Because of Philanthropic Concerns

tags: act, humanity, means-to-an-end, morality

563 likes

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Polls

Which one is your favorite philosopher?

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Friedrich Nietzsche

100 votes, 9.1%

Albert Camus

74 votes, 6.7%

Karl Marx

57 votes, 5.2%

Soren Kierkegaard

49 votes, 4.5%

Ludwig Wittgenstein

43 votes, 3.9%

Aristotle

40 votes, 3.6%

Immanuel Kant

40 votes, 3.6%

Plato

38 votes, 3.5%

Marcus Aurelius

35 votes, 3.2%

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

32 votes, 2.9%

Gilles Deleuze (write-in)

32 votes, 2.9%

Jean-Paul Sartre

29 votes, 2.6%

cumdump (write-in)

29 votes, 2.6%

Thomas Aquinas

28 votes, 2.5%

Arthur Schopenhauer (write-in)

26 votes, 2.4%

yes (write-in)

25 votes, 2.3%

spinoza (write-in)

24 votes, 2.2%

Fyodor dostoevsky (write-in)

24 votes, 2.2%

Simone de Beauvoir

22 votes, 2.0%

René Descartes

20 votes, 1.8%

Augustine of Hippo

18 votes, 1.6%

Socrates (write-in)

17 votes, 1.5%

David Hume

16 votes, 1.5%

Martin Heidegger

16 votes, 1.5%

Jesus of Nazareth (write-in)

16 votes, 1.5%

Jordan Peterson (write-in)

15 votes, 1.4%

Jesus (write-in)

14 votes, 1.3%

Hannah Arendt

13 votes, 1.2%

Epictetus (write-in)

11 votes, 1.0%

José Ortega y Gasset

10 votes, 0.9%

Ibn Sina (write-in)

10 votes, 0.9%

Carl Jung (write-in)

10 votes, 0.9%

Bertrand Russell (write-in)

9 votes, 0.8%

Olavo de Carvalho

8 votes, 0.7%

Julius Evola (write-in)

8 votes, 0.7%

Simone Weil (write-in)

8 votes, 0.7%

Aristotle (write-in)

8 votes, 0.7%

Gilbert Keith Chesterton

7 votes, 0.6%

Slavoj Zizek (write-in)

7 votes, 0.6%

Mário Ferreira dos Santos

6 votes, 0.5%

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6 votes, 0.5%

Buddha (write-in)

6 votes, 0.5%

Sigmund Freud (write-in)

6 votes, 0.5%

Roger Scruton

5 votes, 0.5%

Maurice Merleau-Ponty (write-in)

5 votes, 0.5%

Nicholas Sparks (write-in)

4 votes, 0.4%

Charles Darwin (write-in)

4 votes, 0.4%

Ayn Rand (write-in)

4 votes, 0.4%

Kosov (write-in)

3 votes, 0.3%

Serb (write-in)

3 votes, 0.3%

Hypatia

3 votes, 0.3%

Maimonides (write-in)

3 votes, 0.3%

Euclid (write-in)

3 votes, 0.3%

Alfred Whitehead (write-in)

3 votes, 0.3%

Edmund Husserl (write-in)

3 votes, 0.3%

Judith Butler (write-in)

3 votes, 0.3%

Max Stirner (write-in)

3 votes, 0.3%

Eric Voegelin

2 votes, 0.2%

Rene Guenon (write-in)

2 votes, 0.2%

William James (write-in)

2 votes, 0.2%

Thomas Hobbes (write-in)

2 votes, 0.2%

Albert Einstein (write-in)

2 votes, 0.2%

Francis Bacon (write-in)

2 votes, 0.2%

Alan Watts (write-in)

2 votes, 0.2%

Jacques Derrida (write-in)

2 votes, 0.2%

Niccoló Machiavelli

2 votes, 0.2%

Michel Foucault (write-in)

2 votes, 0.2%

immanuel kant (write-in)

2 votes, 0.2%

Seneca (write-in)

2 votes, 0.2%

Michael Oakeshott

1 vote, 0.1%

John Dewey (write-in)

1 vote, 0.1%

Henri Bergson (write-in)

1 vote, 0.1%

George Berkeley (write-in)

1 vote, 0.1%

Heraclitus (write-in)

1 vote, 0.1%

Teilhard de Chardin (write-in)

1 vote, 0.1%

Parmenides (write-in)

1 vote, 0.1%

Democritus (write-in)

1 vote, 0.1%

Rudolf Carnap (write-in)

1 vote, 0.1%

Lucretius (write-in)

1 vote, 0.1%

Paul Preciado (write-in)

1 vote, 0.1%

Diogenes (write-in)

1 vote, 0.1%

my dad :) (write-in)

1 vote, 0.1%

Julius Bahnsen (write-in)

1 vote, 0.1%

Joseph Campbell (write-in)

0 votes, 0.0%

Gottfried Leibniz (write-in)

0 votes, 0.0%

George Santayana (write-in)

0 votes, 0.0%

Voltaire (write-in)

0 votes, 0.0%

Jeremy Bentham (write-in)

0 votes, 0.0%

B. F. Skinner (write-in)

0 votes, 0.0%

Karl Popper (write-in)

0 votes, 0.0%

1099 total votes

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Immanuel Kant

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