The Old Regime and the French Revolution Quotes

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The Old Regime and the French Revolution The Old Regime and the French Revolution by Alexis de Tocqueville
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“Without boasting unduly, I think I may say that a great deal of labor has gone into this book.”
Alexis de Tocqueville, The Ancien Regime and the French Revolution
“Having expressed my high opinion of liberty at a time when it was in favor, I can hardly be blamed for standing firm at a time when others are abandoning it.”
Alexis de Tocqueville, The Ancien Regime and the French Revolution
“Democratic societies that are not free may yet be rich, refined, ornate, and even magnificent, powerful by dint of their homogeneous mass. One may find in such societies many private virtues, good fathers, honest merchants, and worthy landowners.”
Alexis de Tocqueville, The Ancien Regime and the French Revolution
“Thus, each time I discovered in our forefathers one of those manly virtues that we so desperately need but no longer possess – a true spirit of independence, a yearning for greatness, faith in ourselves and in a cause – I tried to call attention to it.”
Alexis de Tocqueville, The Ancien Regime and the French Revolution
“The destiny of an individual is even more uncertain than that of a nation.”
Alexis de Tocqueville, The Ancien Regime and the French Revolution
“Reading him is a feast of the mind.”
Alexis de Tocqueville, The Ancien Regime and the French Revolution
“The tragedy of the Revolution lies in the fact that its main actors, in their admirable struggle for freedom, created the conditions for a more repressive regime than the one they had brought down.”
Alexis de Tocqueville, The Ancien Regime and the French Revolution
“the most dangerous time for a bad government is usually when it begins to reform”
Alexis de Tocqueville, The Ancien Regime and the French Revolution
“In the eighteenth century in England, it was the poor man who enjoyed the tax privilege; in France it was the rich man. There, the aristocracy took the heaviest public responsibilities on itself so that it would be allowed to govern; here it retained the tax exemption to the end to console itself for having lost the government”
Alexis de Tocqueville, The Ancien Regime and the French Revolution
“(You can lean only on what offers resistance).”
Alexis de Tocqueville, The Ancien Regime and the French Revolution
“the “Tocqueville effect” – revolutions occur when conditions are improving, not (as Marx sometimes asserted) when they are going from bad to worse.”
Alexis de Tocqueville, The Ancien Regime and the French Revolution
“the long-term study of institutional and cultural change with the short-term narrative of actions and events.”
Alexis de Tocqueville, The Ancien Regime and the French Revolution
“The most dangerous moment for a bad government is when it begins to reform.”
Alexis de Tocqueville, The Old Regime and the French Revolution
“The government officials, almost all from the middle classes, already constituted a social class with its own peculiar spirit, traditions, virtues, code of honour and pride. This was the aristocracy of the new social order which was already established and active. It simply waited for the Revolution to open up a place for it.”
Alexis de Tocqueville, The Ancien Regime and the Revolution
“Les sociétés démocratiques qui ne sont pas libres peuvent être riches, raffinées, ornées, magnifiques même, puissantes par le poids de leur masse homogène; on peut y rencontrer des qualités privées, de bons pères de famille, d'honnêtes commerçants et des propriétaires très-estimables; on y verra même de bons chrétiens, car la patrie de ceux-là n'est pas de ce monde et la gloire de leur religion est de les produire au milieu de la plus grande corruption des mœurs et sous les plus mauvais gouvernements: l'empire romain dans son extrême décadence en était plein; mais ce qui ne se verra jamais, j'ose le dire, dans des sociétés semblables, ce sont de grands citoyens, et surtout un grand peuple, et je ne crains pas d'affirmer que le niveau commun des cœurs et des esprits ne cessera jamais de s'y abaisser tant que l'égalité et le despotisme y seront joints.”
Alexis de Tocqueville, The Old Regime and the French Revolution
“Dans ces sortes de sociétés, où rien n'est fixe, chacun se sent aiguillonné sans cesse par la crainte de descendre et l'ardeur de monter; et comme l'argent, en même temps qu'il y est devenu la principale marque qui classe et distingue entre eux les hommes, y a acquis une mobilité singulière, passant de mains en mains sans cesse, transformant la condition des individus, élevant ou abaissant les familles, il n'y a presque personne qui ne soit obligé d'y faire un effort désespéré et continu pour le conserver ou pour l'acquérir. L'envie de s'enrichir à tout prix, le goût des affaires, l'amour du gain, la recherche du bien-être et des jouissances matérielles y sont donc les passions les plus communes.”
Alexis de Tocqueville, The Old Regime and the French Revolution
“Les hommes n'y étant plus rattachés les uns aux autres par aucun lien de castes, de classes, de corporations, de familles, n'y sont que trop enclins à ne se préoccuper que de leurs intérêts particuliers, toujours trop portés à n'envisager qu'eux-mêmes et à se retirer dans un individualisme étroit où toute vertu publique est étouffée. Le despotisme, loin de lutter contre cette tendance, la rend irrésistible, car il retire aux citoyens toute passion commune, tout besoin mutuel, toute nécessité de s'entendre, toute occasion d'agir ensemble; il les mure, pour ainsi dire, dans la vie privée. Ils”
Alexis de Tocqueville, The Old Regime and the French Revolution
“Whoever seeks anything from freedom but freedom itself is doomed to slavery.”
Alexis de Tocqueville, The Ancien Regime and the Revolution
“Quand on compare ces vaines apparences de la liberté avec l'impuissance réelle qui y était jointe, on y découvre déjà en petit comment le gouvernement le plus absolu peut se combiner avec quelques-unes des formes de la plus extrême démocraties, de telle sorte qu'à l'oppression vienne encore s'ajouter le ridicule de n'avoir pas l'air de la voir”
Alexis de Tocqueville, L'Ancien Régime et la Révolution
“according to the economists, the function of the state was not merely one of ruling the nation, but also that of recasting it in a given mold, of shaping the mentality of the population as a whole in accordance with a predetermined model and instilling the ideas and sentiments they thought desirable into the minds of all.”
Alexis de Tocqueville, The Old Regime and the French Revolution
“Royalty shared nothing in common with the royalty of the Middle Ages, possessed other powers, occupied another position, had another spirit and inspired other feelings; the administration of the state extended everywhere, settling upon the remnants of local powers; the hierarchy of public officials increasingly replaced the government of the nobility. All these new powers acted according to procedures and followed ideas which men of the Middle Ages had either not known or had condemned. These had their links in fact to a state of society beyond their experience.”
Alexis de Tocqueville, The Ancien Regime and the Revolution
“Burke had little notion of the conditions in which the monarchy he mourned had left us to face our new masters.
The administration of the Ancien Régime had deprived the French in advance of both the ability and the desire to help one another. When the Revolution came, one would have searched in vain in most of France for ten men accustomed to acting together in a disciplined way and defending themselves. The central government alone was supposed to
take charge of defending them all, so that when the royal administration lost control of that central government to a sovereign and unaccountable assembly, and this once complacent body turned terrifying, nothing could stop it or even slow it for a moment. The same cause that had brought the monarchy down so easily made everything possible after its fall.”
Alexis de Tocqueville, The Old Regime and the French Revolution
“The desire to grow rich at all costs, the taste for business, the passion for gain, the pursuit of comfort and material enjoyment are thus the most common preoccupations in despotisms.”
Alexis de Tocqueville, The Ancien Regime and the Revolution
“Dado que no sólo tenía por objeto cambiar un gobierno antiguo, sino también abolir la forma antigua de la sociedad, la Revolución francesa tuvo que arremeter al mismo tiempo contra todos los poderes establecidos, acabar con todas las influencias reconocidas, borrar las tradiciones, renovar las costumbres y los usos, y vaciar en cierto modo el espíritu humano de todas las ideas en las que hasta entonces se habían basado el respeto y la obediencia. De ahí su carácter tan singularmente anárquico. Pero, apartemos esos escombros: entonces percibiremos un poder central inmenso, que ha atraído y engullido, en su unidad, a todas las parcelas de autoridad y de influencia que antes estaban dispersas en una multitud de poderes secundarios, de órdenes, de clases, de profesiones, de familias y de individuos, como dispersas por todo el cuerpo social. Desde la caída del Imperio romano, no se había visto en el mundo un poder igual. La Revolución creó ese nuevo poder o, mejor dicho, éste surgió como por sí mismo de las ruinas que produjo la Revolución. Cierto, los gobiernos que fundó son más frágiles, pero cien veces más poderosos que cualquiera de los que derribó; frágiles y poderosos por las mismas causas, como hemos de ver más adelante.”
Alexis Tocqueville, El Antiguo régimen y la Revolución (Conmemorativa 70 Aniversario nº 50)

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