Lessons From Critical Thinkers Quotes

“Idols of the Cave are intertwined with passions, emotions, and ideology, and how people are shaped by their education.”
― Albert Rutherford, Lessons From Critical Thinkers: Methods for Clear Thinking and Analysis in Everyday Situations from the Greatest Thinkers in History

“believed in what we today call the cultural relativity of morality. This means people have different perceptions of the moral goodness of certain acts because of where they live, where they grew up, and the circumstances of their lives. Therefore, what is acceptable in one culture or place is not acceptable in another. This”
― Albert Rutherford, Lessons From Critical Thinkers: Methods for Clear Thinking and Analysis in Everyday Situations from the Greatest Thinkers in History

“Therefore, the more rationally you think, the more you'll be able to determine your own path in life.”
― Albert Rutherford, Lessons From Critical Thinkers: Methods for Clear Thinking and Analysis in Everyday Situations from the Greatest Thinkers in History

“as being gifted by nature with the desire to seek, patience to doubt, fondness to meditate, slowness to assert, readiness to consider, carefulness to dispose and set in order; and hatred for every kind of imposture.” ​-Francis Bacon, 1605”
― Albert Rutherford, Lessons From Critical Thinkers: Methods for Clear Thinking and Analysis in Everyday Situations from the Greatest Thinkers in History

“Descartes explicates a method for arriving at such intellectual clarity in his Discourse on Methods, which has four steps:”
― Albert Rutherford, Lessons From Critical Thinkers: Methods for Clear Thinking and Analysis in Everyday Situations from the Greatest Thinkers in History

“Therefore, we must rely on reason to get at the true nature of reality. This is in direct opposition to Baconian empiricism, which was just discussed in the last chapter, but that actually makes this method a good companion to empiricism.”
― Albert Rutherford, Lessons From Critical Thinkers: Methods for Clear Thinking and Analysis in Everyday Situations from the Greatest Thinkers in History

“The fourth principle is to make your final idea as complete as possible.”
― Albert Rutherford, Lessons From Critical Thinkers: Methods for Clear Thinking and Analysis in Everyday Situations from the Greatest Thinkers in History

“The second principle is dividing up any problems you encounter within an idea into the smallest chunks you can manage.”
― Albert Rutherford, Lessons From Critical Thinkers: Methods for Clear Thinking and Analysis in Everyday Situations from the Greatest Thinkers in History

“First, you must never jump to conclusions. This means you can't say something is true without having absolute certainty that it is true.”
― Albert Rutherford, Lessons From Critical Thinkers: Methods for Clear Thinking and Analysis in Everyday Situations from the Greatest Thinkers in History

“Descartes created four principles in his book Discourse on Method for proper critical thinking, but before anything else, you have to start with a clear conception of what idea you are reasoning toward.”
― Albert Rutherford, Lessons From Critical Thinkers: Methods for Clear Thinking and Analysis in Everyday Situations from the Greatest Thinkers in History

“Descartes and Critical Thinking”
― Albert Rutherford, Lessons From Critical Thinkers: Methods for Clear Thinking and Analysis in Everyday Situations from the Greatest Thinkers in History

“Rationalism, unlike empiricism, relied on intellectual deductions and disdained sensory data. This was similar to precepts found in Aristotelian philosophy.”
― Albert Rutherford, Lessons From Critical Thinkers: Methods for Clear Thinking and Analysis in Everyday Situations from the Greatest Thinkers in History

“Descartes helped develop rationalism, the school of thought famously promoted by Spinoza, which was in opposition to Francis Bacon's empiricism.”
― Albert Rutherford, Lessons From Critical Thinkers: Methods for Clear Thinking and Analysis in Everyday Situations from the Greatest Thinkers in History

“The three keywords to his method were: question, doubt, test.”
― Albert Rutherford, Lessons From Critical Thinkers: Methods for Clear Thinking and Analysis in Everyday Situations from the Greatest Thinkers in History

“René Descartes”
― Albert Rutherford, Lessons From Critical Thinkers: Methods for Clear Thinking and Analysis in Everyday Situations from the Greatest Thinkers in History

“This legacy also encompasses the idea of evidentiary-based communication such as journalism, in which facts based on empirical evidence are vitally important.”
― Albert Rutherford, Lessons From Critical Thinkers: Methods for Clear Thinking and Analysis in Everyday Situations from the Greatest Thinkers in History

“Francis Bacon's intellectual legacy is the foundation of the scientific method and is still used today to draw objective conclusions from sets of good observations.”
― Albert Rutherford, Lessons From Critical Thinkers: Methods for Clear Thinking and Analysis in Everyday Situations from the Greatest Thinkers in History

“Bacon believed this was the only way people could truly learn about the world around them.”
― Albert Rutherford, Lessons From Critical Thinkers: Methods for Clear Thinking and Analysis in Everyday Situations from the Greatest Thinkers in History

“If you repeat this process enough, you will eventually have a set of facts supported by objective, empirical evidence.”
― Albert Rutherford, Lessons From Critical Thinkers: Methods for Clear Thinking and Analysis in Everyday Situations from the Greatest Thinkers in History

“Then, reason from these observations toward a broader conclusion, but you can't make a conclusion outside the scope of your collected observations.”
― Albert Rutherford, Lessons From Critical Thinkers: Methods for Clear Thinking and Analysis in Everyday Situations from the Greatest Thinkers in History

“First, meet Bacon's prerequisites for observation procedures leading to facts, instead of flaw methods that lead to skewed data.”
― Albert Rutherford, Lessons From Critical Thinkers: Methods for Clear Thinking and Analysis in Everyday Situations from the Greatest Thinkers in History

“To practice induction, you must start with a broad hypothesis then take several steps to prove it.”
― Albert Rutherford, Lessons From Critical Thinkers: Methods for Clear Thinking and Analysis in Everyday Situations from the Greatest Thinkers in History

“Although you can think of Bacon's method of induction as reasoning out a truth from observations, it is much more complex.”
― Albert Rutherford, Lessons From Critical Thinkers: Methods for Clear Thinking and Analysis in Everyday Situations from the Greatest Thinkers in History

“Bacon's Inductive Reasoning”
― Albert Rutherford, Lessons From Critical Thinkers: Methods for Clear Thinking and Analysis in Everyday Situations from the Greatest Thinkers in History

“is the unquestioned authority of ancient texts without any attempts to improve them. This”
― Albert Rutherford, Lessons From Critical Thinkers: Methods for Clear Thinking and Analysis in Everyday Situations from the Greatest Thinkers in History

“The fourth idol, the Idol of the Theater”
― Albert Rutherford, Lessons From Critical Thinkers: Methods for Clear Thinking and Analysis in Everyday Situations from the Greatest Thinkers in History

“Bad uses of language, according to Bacon, can make science and philosophy contradictory and ultimately dead.[xiv] He writes:”
― Albert Rutherford, Lessons From Critical Thinkers: Methods for Clear Thinking and Analysis in Everyday Situations from the Greatest Thinkers in History

“Idols of the Marketplace have to do with the idea of propaganda,”
― Albert Rutherford, Lessons From Critical Thinkers: Methods for Clear Thinking and Analysis in Everyday Situations from the Greatest Thinkers in History

“We fall victim to idols of the tribe when we assume our first impressions are the best or most correct answer.”
― Albert Rutherford, Lessons From Critical Thinkers: Methods for Clear Thinking and Analysis in Everyday Situations from the Greatest Thinkers in History

“and that to achieve objective truth one had to hold minimal assumptions before investigating a problem.”
― Albert Rutherford, Lessons From Critical Thinkers: Methods for Clear Thinking and Analysis in Everyday Situations from the Greatest Thinkers in History