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A Tree Grows in Brooklyn
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CC- A Tree Grows in Brooklyn

I also like Mary's strength. Thomas is the devil incarnate. He seems to revel in making the life of his wife as terrible as possible. Yet, she remains deeply good and loving, not bitter or hateful. I most dislike Ruth.
I love the way this novel is portraying the world of immigrant Brooklyn. It is not romanticized nor does it turn into some nightmare. Everywhere people love one another has to have its moments of joy and beauty. The little boys torment the lone Jewish kid, yet they love their own sisters and mothers. The various immigrant groups are suspicious of one another while all wanting to grasp the same gold ring. I liked the observation about the different ways that the Jewish and Irish women carried their pregnancies. There are lots of terrific observations in these first two books.
BTW, I have witnessed this level of poverty in Appalacha. And, I have seen it in inner cities, although I have less experience ministering in the urban setting. There might not be a market for dirty rags, but I know little girls who will sell their body for food.


I kept thinking of my maternal grandparents when reading this. My grandfather lived in Brooklyn. He was born in 1906. He spoke almost nothing of his childhood, but I know he was poor. My grandmother was born in 1904. Although she grew up in New Jersey in a bit less urban setting, I know that she was forced to drop out of school in the 6th grade to work in a cigar factory. Neither of my grandparents were able to stay in school through high school graduation because they needed to work. My grandfather was a reader, but he was not allowed the free time to read as a child. I got the impression that his father was a stern disciplinarian. My grandmother always thought of herself as stupid because of her limited education.

Well, no, not that consumption itself is amusing, just the way the sentence sounded to me when I read it. I didn't do a good job of explaining myself;)






Welcome to the group, Jennifer!

This book is a wonderful narrative that reaches through the eyes of a child to show us the world we had, and causes us to reflect on the world we are now in.
On another (lighter?) note, I am also curious about both the death of all Nolan boys by 35 and the house situation of Johnny versus the family. Coming up, I suppose!

With my computer being down I'm surprised by how much more reading time I'm able to get in. This book has been a perfect fill for my days. I think it's a new old favorite of mine.

I was impressed by Francie finding the school she wanted to attend, and having the courage to tell her father about it. And even though her father is basically a deadbeat, I was impressed with him in this instance for seeing her dream and finding a way for them to fulfill it.
She seems like such a strong little girl. Brave, smart, strong, courageous, and someone who knows what she wants and who knows what is important in life.
She seems like such a strong little girl. Brave, smart, strong, courageous, and someone who knows what she wants and who knows what is important in life.

I must respectfully disagree about Francie's father. I may just have a different definition of 'deadbeat', but mine is in the missing (or essentially gone) father, not the untreated alcoholic with no skills trying to help support a family he doesn't want but loves too much to leave. Later, his absence is felt immensely, in both monetary and emotional aspects. And to read Francie being criticized by her teacher for not writing about the truth when writing about her life, how drunks should be jailed, and poor people just need to work harder...I'm not yet sure how to express my feelings on that teacher in a way that is not inappropriate for this discussion.



Abby wrote: "Sheila wrote: "I was impressed by Francie finding the school she wanted to attend, and having the courage to tell her father about it. And even though her father is basically a deadbeat, I was imp..."



I'm jealous! I wish I met her at a book signing.

I am also intrigued by Francie's passion to go after what she wants, even when it means risking social aprobation. The other little girls won't ask for the doll for fear that they will be regarded as poor. The other kids in class won't ask for the pumpkin pie. But, Francie can't let these things go, even if it makes her look bad. Is this some of Katie in her? And, is this what allows her to get out of the neighborhood?

Yes, I agree, Katie had to bite the bullet and be the man of the house while Johnny drifted in and out of an adolescent alcohol-driven dream state, and Francie loved her father more for his romantic vulnerabilities than she loved her mother. Johnny never grew up because he never had to grow up -- Katie and Francie grew up for him.
I think Francie mentions more than once that she and her mother were too much alike to get along, which makes sense to me. I think Katie also loved Johnny for his romantic vulnerabilities, but I believe she had enough honesty in herself to know that it wasn't Johnny who had made her resentful and bitter -- it was her own desire for Johnny's boyish charm that had trapped her.
I lost patience with Johnny, and felt pity for Francie and Katie and Neely each time Johnny yo-yo'ed drunkenly in and out of their lives, always and finally letting his own fears and needs usurp and triumph over those of his wife and children. He even used his guilt to justify his drinking. We know now that abusive spouses nearly always feel agonizing guilt and remorse after each abuse event, but that's just part of the emotional rollercoaster that keeps them unstable and abusive in the first place.
All the unhappiness surrounding alcoholism and an alcoholic husband or father, however, doesn't change the fact that he was loved... they all knew he was "sick," and what's the point of despising a sick person?




Irene, I felt the same way. It was a very good question and quite mature of her to think of it (I thought). In answer to Francie's question, because I pondered it having read that part---people want to feel good about themselves, so someone from a higher class may just want the recognition/pat on the back from having done a good deed. And it made me think...someone's reasons for doing something nice are just as important as their kind action.

..."
Yes, generosity is a tricky virtue... it almost always seems to contain secret & invisible strings attached. I find that the only way I can trust my own motivations is if my "givingness" is completely anonymous, and even then, I wonder who I am truly doing it for.
And there are always those people who need to feel needed, or who need "lesser" people to help them maintain their own self-esteem.

I agree. I liked how the teacher turned her lies into something positive, yet still maintained the necessity to be truthful.

1. In a particularly revealing chapter of A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Francie's teacher dismisses her essays about everyday life among the poor as "sordid," and, indeed, many of the novel's characters seem to harbor a sense of shame about their poverty. But they also display a remarkable self-reliance (Katie, for example, says she would kill herself and her children before accepting charity). How and why have our society's perceptions of poverty changed - for better or worse - during the last one hundred years?
2. Some critics have argued that many of the characters in A Tree Grows in Brooklyn can be dismissed as stereotypes, exhibiting quaint characteristics or representing pat qualities of either nobility or degeneracy. Is this a fair criticism? Which characters are the most convincing? The least?
3. Francie observes more than once that women seem to hate other women ("they stuck together for only one thing: to trample on some other woman"), while men, even if they hate each other, stick together against the world. Is this an accurate appraisal of the way things are in the novel?
4. The women in the Nolan/Rommely clan exhibit most of the strength and, whenever humanly possible, control the family's destiny. In what ways does Francie continue this legacy?
5. What might Francie's obsession with order - from systematically reading the books in the library from A through Z, to trying every flavor ice cream soda - in turn say about her circumstances and her dreams?
6. Although it is written in the third person, there can be little argument that the narrative is largely from Francie's point of view. How would the book differ if it was told from Neeley's perspective?
7. How can modern readers reconcile the frequent anti-Semitism and anti-immigrant sentiments that characters espouse throughout the novel?
8. Could it be argued that the main character of the book is not Francie but, in fact, Brooklyn itself?

How is the book's historical time period significant to the story?
Think about Francie's stage of development when America enters the war. The narrator writes that the Rommely women are "made of invisible steel." How do the character developments of Johnny and Katie parallel the relationship between Evy and Willie?
Although people look down on Sissy's promiscuity, Francie adores her, and Katie believes she is good and generous to everyone she meets. What makes Sissy good, and how does her character reflect on the morals of the book in general?
Immigration and ethnic identity are important themes among the people of Williamsburg. How does ethnic and religious identity play itself out in the community?
How do the groups live side-by-side, and how does their background shape their values?
How does Francie's family fit in?
Brooklyn is a dreamlike place to Francie. How does the time and place in which Francie grows up shape the person she is?
Think about all of her favorite stores and celebrations in her neighborhood. How does Joanna's stoning shape the way Francie thinks about sex and the role of women in general?
Find three instances in which the tree is discussed, and read them carefully. Although the tree always represents hope and perseverance, its use at different points in the novel suggests it also has more specific significations. How is the symbol used differently each time? How does it still represent the same idea?
I'm just going to start with a couple:
8. Could it be argued that the main character of the book is not Francie but, in fact, Brooklyn itself?
Hmm, interesting. I had never thought of it this way. For me the book is all about Francie. Does anyone else see the book as being about Brooklyn?
5. What might Francie's obsession with order - from systematically reading the books in the library from A through Z, to trying every flavor ice cream soda - in turn say about her circumstances and her dreams?
I pictured Fancie's obsession with order as her way of just trying to have some control over her life. So much in her life was out of her control, and often seemed to be out of even the parent's control, that it seemed these things she did were her way of having some say in her life.
2. Some critics have argued that many of the characters in A Tree Grows in Brooklyn can be dismissed as stereotypes, exhibiting quaint characteristics or representing pat qualities of either nobility or degeneracy. Is this a fair criticism? Which characters are the most convincing? The least?
I don't see this. While some might consider Francie's father to be the "sterotypical drunk", he really wasn't, as shown by his love for his family, his families love for him, his singing, his dreams, etc. And other characters as well, while they might have their flaws which seem accentuated, all have many other oposing and redeaming qualities. I didn't see any character as being either totally nobile, or totally degenerate.
8. Could it be argued that the main character of the book is not Francie but, in fact, Brooklyn itself?
Hmm, interesting. I had never thought of it this way. For me the book is all about Francie. Does anyone else see the book as being about Brooklyn?
5. What might Francie's obsession with order - from systematically reading the books in the library from A through Z, to trying every flavor ice cream soda - in turn say about her circumstances and her dreams?
I pictured Fancie's obsession with order as her way of just trying to have some control over her life. So much in her life was out of her control, and often seemed to be out of even the parent's control, that it seemed these things she did were her way of having some say in her life.
2. Some critics have argued that many of the characters in A Tree Grows in Brooklyn can be dismissed as stereotypes, exhibiting quaint characteristics or representing pat qualities of either nobility or degeneracy. Is this a fair criticism? Which characters are the most convincing? The least?
I don't see this. While some might consider Francie's father to be the "sterotypical drunk", he really wasn't, as shown by his love for his family, his families love for him, his singing, his dreams, etc. And other characters as well, while they might have their flaws which seem accentuated, all have many other oposing and redeaming qualities. I didn't see any character as being either totally nobile, or totally degenerate.
Does anyone have any thoughts on the mother's reaction when Francie was being attacked by the pervert in the hallway? I was wondering why the mom would take the time to run back upstairs into her apartment, find a gun, then come back downstairs and shoot the guy. Not that shooting the guy was wrong, but as a mom I would never leave my child who was in the hands of a child molester. What if he had been able to pull her away from her grip on the handrail. He could have had her out the door and they could have both been gone.
For how strong and independent the mother was, it just seemed like when she saw the guy going after her daughter she would have gone straight to attack him, scream, yell, hit, fight, etc. Not think, oh I'll run upstairs and get that gun that my husband hid that I've never picked up and never shot before.
For how strong and independent the mother was, it just seemed like when she saw the guy going after her daughter she would have gone straight to attack him, scream, yell, hit, fight, etc. Not think, oh I'll run upstairs and get that gun that my husband hid that I've never picked up and never shot before.



When I initially finished reading this book, the one thing that stuck out the most to me was not Francie, but rather the setting. I didn't identify it exactly as "Brooklyn", but yes, obviously, the setting is in Brooklyn. I found the setting to be the most compelling feature of this novel. The time and the place. That is what I ended up loving the most about this novel.

The first teacher needed to be fired. She was horrible. The whole school should have been closed. I have hard time wrapping my mind around the type of cruelty she portrayed and the cruelty the school portrayed altogether. The bully kids were trying to find control in their lives by bullying others, achieve self esteem because the adults in the school had taken that away from them. The professionals minus band and art teachers were first rate child abusers that caused the bullying in the first place. Made me sad and angry. I loved when Aunt Sissy went in there and lectured her. What a doll. I wish more action had been taken against those adults though.
Aunt Sissy was kind- I think to Francie that is all that matters ( to me too!). I think Francie learned this by the stoning of that poor girl and by Aunt Sissy sticking up for her. I think Francie realized she'd rather be someone like Aunt Sissy than a person playing a part on the outside. For instance, the girl with the baby was happy and kind to the baby, doing harm to no one. One of the women that stoned the girl was pregnant previous to marriage, but just got married before everyone knew of it. Francie ponders why that particular woman acted with the other women instead of sticking up for the young girl. At that moment, I think Francie realized she would take authenticity (Aunt Sissy) over artificialness (the stoning women). I think she realized that sometimes doing what right makes you stand alone.
If I am too far ahead, sorry, please delete my comment.

I thought the same thing. I am guessing all she could think of was ending it altogether (via gun). I think it was just a reaction that maybe if she had a do over she might have done it differently, though possibly not. She was thinking on the spot?

Couldn’t find anything in this novel to warrant Francie’s negative assessment of women networking. Certainly there were girl bullies, but there were boy bullies also. Joanne is condemned by the neighborhood women, but Johnny is kicked out of the union he loved. The Romely women were very supportive of each other.
I loved the Romely women. They allowed each to be unique. Sissy violates all of the religious guidelines that defines Mary’s life, makes Katie vulnerable to negative social stigma which she most detests and is Evy’s opposite in every way. Yet, she is allowed to be Sissy, loved even if not always approved.
I thought that poverty was handled very insightfully in this novel, from Katie’s distaste of charity to the teacher’s disapproval of it as an appropriate topic for an essay to Francie’s comment when she gets the Christmas doll. I kept thinking that this could only be written 30 years and two world wars and a depression after the actual events described. I think that we were a nation nourished by the Horatio Alger stories. We believed we wanted to believe; we needed to believe that prosperity was a matter of character open to all with the work ethic and moral backbone to achieve it. Only such a belief could have allowed hordes of impoverished immigrants to flood our shores welcomed by a statue as majestic as Lady Liberty. These new comers had to keep their eyes on this dream or risk despair. The nation had to be convinced that these were potential Rockefellers or slide into xenophobia. I don’t think it was an insensitive teacher that did not want a little girl to focus on sordid things, I think it was a nation that wanted each boat load of ragged, sick illiterate peasants to believe that there was a pavement of gold just under the cracked cement and to be willing to work tirelessly to obtain that prosperity for their children. Unfortunately, a depression that devastated millionaires and share croppers, descendants of the Mayflower and Ellis Island equally made us think differently. Fighting a pointless war in WW1 and the heart numbing horror of the cruelty of the Holocaust, the unfathomable destructive power of the atomic bomb and a complete shift in international power forced us to ask very different questions that had to be explored in fiction.
As for Brooklyn as the real focus of the book, I agree. In some ways this is a coming of age story. Francie’s transition from childhood to the brink of adulthood is a metaphor for a nation. America was growing up. Francie says good bye to the shadow of herself on the neighboring fire escape but America also says good bye to a way of being that is forever gone. In the Nolan family, the particular becomes the universal; as the Nolan Family is a snap shot of Brooklyn life, so Williamsburg is the particular neighborhood that stands in for America as it understood itself in 1912.
Francie’s desire to read every library book and taste every soda flavor spoke of a conviction that a person could have it all. One little girl could indeed read every book, taste every flavor, do anything and everything, experience all that life held. I think Katie echoes this when she repeatedly tells Francie that she will find a way to get what she wants. Katie is worried about Neeley because he lacks the ambition, but not Katie. I know that Katie chides herself for not loving Neeley as much as Francie, but I think she loved them differently. In Francie she saw herself and all those she knew who worked their way out of poverty. As long as you nurtured the dream, you would achieve it. Opportunity was there in one form or another. But, Neeley did not want an education, hard work, or financial security. He just wanted to enjoy his life and that would ensure failure in this life view.
There were things that I absolutely loved about Katie. I loved her wisdom that a person had to experience extravagance periodically in order to continue to hope. The wasted condensed milk, the excessive tip at graduation, the piano lessons, etc were incredible signs of a deep wisdom. If all one does is scrimp, it becomes self-defining and one never sees a way out. The moments of extravagance told the children who they had a right to be. I also loved her refusal to allow Francie to finish washing the floor for her. She could hardly get on the floor due to her advance pregnancy. She is tired and uncomfortable and Francie is young and could finish the job easily. But, Katie won’t let Francie risk harming her hands in the chemicals. Katie will give up everything for her daughter’s future. And, when the labor comes, she refuses to let Francie see the pain. She spares Francie what she can spare her, even at a near superhuman level.
The most touching moment for me was the roses sent by Johnny at her graduation. Johnny knew he was killing himself, but he could not stop the drink. He knew that he was making life harder for his wife and children, but could not stop. In some ways, I saw Johnny as selfish, particularly compared to Katie. But, moments like the roses, the forethought to give Sissy the money realizing that he might kill himself before the big day, demonstrated the complexity of love and life choices and addictions. I wish Johnny could have stopped the drink, could have been there instead of his roses, but he gave Francie what he could give her.
Along with Johnny’s roses, the last minute camaraderie with the girls became a poignant moment from me. Francie had self-defined as a loner. So, she was unaware of potential friends in the class until she was ready to leave and had nothing to risk. I wondered how many other times Francie’s descriptions of loneliness were self made. She unconsciously isolates from the girls in the flower factory until a distraction allows her to let her guard down. She never befriends the other girls at the teletype office. So, back to my initial comments, was there really anything in her life to give her the conviction that women were inherently untrustworthy, or was she the director of her own play that forced women into the wings of her life?

I love this question. I think that she is a little OCD because she does not want to miss out on anything in life. If she doesn't try every flavor how will she know if there is one she really enjoys. I feel this way about books too...I want to read it all and I have been working on my dissertation for several weeks now and I missing out on my books :(



Irene wrote: "Great questions. This is when a face to face conversation would be so much easier than posting.
Couldn’t find anything in this novel to warrant Francie’s negative assessment of women networking..."

Hmmm... I remember it as just the opposite -- Katie feels guilty about not loving Francie as much as she loved Neely. I think the author alluded to the fact that maybe Katie & Francie were too much alike as one of the reasons.
I wondered how many other times Francie’s descriptions of loneliness were self made. She unconsciously isolates from the girls in the flower factory until a distraction allows her to let her guard down. She never befriends the other girls at the teletype office. So, back to my initial comments, was there really anything in her life to give her the conviction that women were inherently untrustworthy, or was she the director of her own play that forced women into the wings of her life?
I wondered about this too. At some point Francie even makes the shocking remark that she will never trust or befriend a woman (I think it's at the end of a chapter, but I can't find it).
If this was/is typical of certain kinds of cultures or upbringing, it made it easier to understand why we women seem to be our own worst enemies. And, it might simply source from Francie's unarticulated understanding that her mother was not a person she could lean on for female love and companionship.


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I just wanted to add that I really loved the portrayal of their poverty. And not just their poverty, but the general low-income state of the US at that time. It's something that I certainly never experienced and something that I think most children in the US today do not experience. Even impoverished children in the US today have so much more than the poor during Francie's time. It's unimaginable to me that children would go around collecting scrap metal and scrap rags for money. That's totally unimaginable. Who would buy scrap rags today? And, coffee was a luxury. Who would think coffee is a luxury today?
I love it because I didn't experience it in my life, and it's humbling to at least vicariously experience it through the words of this author.