Beta Reader Group discussion
Writing Advice & Discussion
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How many beta readers does an author generally enlist?
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Also, what I've noticed is I've become a better writer in beta reading another's work -- especially when I've delved outside my genre.

An odd number is important, for a tie breaker. For me, if I get feedback that makes me itchy to get to rewriting, then it's a good thing no matter what the others say. If the majority all have the same general response, and I'm not in love with it, I'll go ahead and make the change. But even if everyone is against some aspect that I love, I'll only seriously consider making a change, I won't automatically do it. I wrote it for a reason, and while their feedback might give me ideas to rewrite to better express my intent, I'm not going to 'kill a darling' simply because some readers didn't like it.
I feel it's important to internalize that for the vast majority of us, the only joy we're going to get out of our writing is the act, so if we don't enjoy what we're doing we're much less likely to finish.
As for paid vs unpaid, there are some threads on this topic. I paid about half my readers and feel the overall response was about the same. The deviation was wide and had lots of overlap. Some of my free readers gave me valuable insight, some of the paid ones told me little, as I could tell they didn't get my story intent.
As for when, it should be after you think you've made it as good as you can and need other eyes to point out plot holes, etc. You can look for a critique partner if you want input when it's still in the rough stage, but beta readers are meant to give you the same sort of feedback you'd get from a paying customer, and you shouldn't be OK with asking someone to pay for anything less than your best.
PM me if you'd like a link to a blog post where I go into a bit more detail on reader feedback.

As someone who comes at this both as a beta reader and an author ... You'll get the most out of your beta readers if you give them something relatively clean so they can focus on your story. That's not saying you have to edit your work to within an inch of its life or hire a pro before you send it to your readers, but it is very hard to focus on the story or characters when you must stop every other paragraph to puzzle through the writing.
Also, I agree with Author -- beta reading makes me a better writer. It also teaches a writer what a huge gift a reader is bestowing upon you when they agree to read and comment on your work in terms of the reader's time and effort.

Personally, I had about a dozen alpha readers, and four or five betas. The betas were divided into two waves, so two or three per beta draft. I had more lined up, but for one reason or another they weren't able to read/comment.

You should never send your first (or third (or probably even fifth)) draft to any beta readers, it's not fare to ask them to invest so much time and energy in something you know you're going to improve. Alpha readers, though, can look at something that raw and unfinished and are generally looking to give feedback on the very high-level issues, like character, plot arc, setting, imagery, etc.
Most good alpha readers are also writers, and are used to looking at raw and unfinished work, since they look at theirs all the time. But there are some readers out there who can look at raw work and provide useful input. These people (whether they write or not) are worth their weight in gold.
A critique partner is generally where you act as alpha readers for each other.
I was just wondering - and please forgive me if this has been discussed to death or is obvious - but how many beta readers does an author generally enlist?
Thanks in advance!