In the winter of 1954, three years before his untimely death, Evarts Graham wrote a strikingly prescient essay in a book entitled Smoking and Cancer. At the end of the essay, Graham wondered about how the spread of tobacco in human societies might be combated in the future. Medicine, he concluded, was not powerful enough to restrict tobacco’s spread. Academic investigators could provide data about risks and argue incessantly about proof and causality, but the solution had to be political. “The obstinacy of [policymakers],” he wrote, “compels one to conclude that it is their own addiction…
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