In 1953, Robert Knight revitalized the term borderline in his consideration of “borderline states.”8 He recognized that, even though certain patients presented markedly different symptoms and were categorized with different diagnoses, they were expressing a common pathology. After Knight’s work was published, the term borderline became more popular, and the possibility of using Stern’s general borderline concept as a diagnosis became more acceptable. In 1968, Roy Grinker and his colleagues defined four subtypes of the borderline patient: (1) a severely afflicted group who bordered on the
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