Although the Port Authority was proceeding with plans to turn twenty-seven outmoded piers in Brooklyn into twelve modern ones, the agency understood that it was in a race to recover its in vestment before container shipping made the reconstructed piers obsolete. “We already knew that we were building something [in Brooklyn] that would pay itself back, but it wasn’t the future,” re called Guy F. Tozzoli, then the Port Authority’s head of port planning.
