Kranz, like Kraft, had formulated some precepts of flight control, and one of his favorites was “Tread lightly, lest ye step in shit.” He had been trying, he recalled, to “move very easily and progressively through this thing—because you did not want to close out any of your options for any of the systems, because you never knew which ones you were going to get.” At this point, the options were dwindling to a precarious handful.

