But, on the other hand, every line of that description is redolent with prophetic allusions and with ones whose presence can be vindicated from direct and explicit quotations elsewhere in early Christian literature. Besides a possible one from Psalm 118:13 in A, a more secure one from Isaiah 58:2 in C, and a definite one from Isaiah 50:6–7 (spitting, buffeting/striking, nudging/piercing) in A’, all those seen above from Zechariah 3:1–5 and 12:10 (robing, crowning, piercing) are also present. And even the scapegoat background is still evident in that phrase “nudged him with a reed,” a
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