The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries are Failing and What Can Be Done About It (Grove Art)

by Paul Collier

By 2050 the development gulf will no longer be between a rich billion in the most developed countries and five billion in the developing countries; rather, it will be between the trapped billion and the rest of humankind.

While civil war reduces income, low income indeed heightens the risk of civil war.

There is basically no relationship between political repression and the risk of civil war.

low income, slow growth, and dependence upon primary commodity exports.