Narodnaya Volya disintegrated under tsarist repression, but its philosophies went underground, survived its demise, and contributed to the coming Russian Revolution. The Egyptian Islamists’ reactionary and extreme ideology actually grew out of repression and now powers a violent international movement. The state suffers from all the advantages and disadvantages of being the incumbent actor. Especially in our age of globalized communications, no amount of force can kill an infectious inspiration—a potential source of countermobilization, especially when it
