with others); rivalries between groups (competition to represent a cause or constituency); attracting new followers (by showing strength or viability); satisfying external donors (demonstrating organizational effectiveness so as to attract support or resources); and swaying potential supporters (e.g., attracting new allies, again by showing strength). All of these are proximate goals, not strategic accomplishments, and they may not necessarily be designed to directly engage any state at all. They are aimed at tactical or operational means, not longer-term political ends—unless, of course, the
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