As companies kept trying to build self-driving cars through the 2010s and into the 2020s, the shortcomings of AI started to become evident. Waymo, one of the foremost companies in the industry, soon realized that current AI cannot cope well with out-of-the-ordinary situations. So, they started training their AI models with examples of atypical actors in the road environment, including “a construction worker waist deep in a manhole, someone in a horse costume, [and] a man standing on the corner spinning an arrow-shaped sign.”50
