The first dissenting disciple was the Hungarian Georg Lukacs, an agent of the Comintern, whose History and Class Consciousness had brought him recognition as a Marxist theorist to rival Marx himself. “I saw the revolutionary destruction of society as the one and only solution’” said Lukacs. “A worldwide overturning of values cannot take place without the annihilation of the old values and the creation, of new ones by the revolutionaries.”4 As deputy commissar for culture in Bela Kun’s regime, Lukacs put his self-described “demonic” ideas into action in what came to be known as “cultural
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