Part of this answer was, ‘With the rites, it is better to err on the side of frugality than on the side of extravagance’ (III.4). All things being equal, it is better to be frugal. The black silk cap is more frugal but loses nothing in respect. Hence Confucius’ approval. Prostration after ascending the steps, on the other hand, is casual, in other words, less respectful, and has no compensating gains. Hence Confucius’ disapproval.
