A German revolutionary living in exile in England also viewed the American war against the “slave oligarchy” as a “world-transforming . . . revolutionary movement.” “The working-men of Europe,” continued Karl Marx, felt a kinship with Abraham Lincoln, “the single-minded son of the working class. . . . As the American War of Independence initiated a new era of ascendancy for the middle class, so the American anti-slavery war will do for the working classes.”6
