Immanuel Kant had observed in 1795 that religion and language were the two main sources of human division, and therefore also of war, because they threw the differences between people into such obvious contrast. Just as with the language problem, Zamenhof hoped that people would find it easier to cross over such differences if there were a shared, secondary religion that they could add to their own cultures and practices. The idea behind it was that everyone shared a basic spiritual humanity, and to some extent also basic values. For example, one could find a key to universal ethics in the
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