is true that the major totalitarian states of the twentieth century tended to be atheistic, thus proving again that there is no automatic connection between questioning religion and being open-minded or humanist. (Their main problem with religion was that they could not stand there being a bigger God out there than themselves and their ideologies.) Now, in the wake of the horrors, some argued that humans should no longer trust themselves to work toward a better world on their own, and instead should return humbly to the old theologies.