I credit Marina and her team with superpowers—both the empathy to build trust with people like Carl and the analytical acumen to build the first accurate picture of what was going wrong. But it wasn’t IQ or EQ that the task force had and Paula’s team didn’t. And it wasn’t newer and sexier tools to replace legacy technology, since the infamous COBOL code chugged along just the same the whole time. It was permission—permission to disrupt the waterfall.
