If only we could go back in time and examine this first brain to understand how it worked and what tricks it enabled. If only we could then track the complexification forward in the lineage that led to the human brain, observing each physical modification that occurred and the intellectual abilities it afforded. If we could do this, we might be able to grasp the complexity that eventually emerged. Indeed, as the biologist Theodosius Dobzhansky famously said, “Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution.”