Lenin managed to convince his comrades that they needed to sign the treaty. But General Hoffman was no fool either. As Sebestyen put it: Apart from the territory they had already lost they were forced to give up the Baltic states, Finland and nearly all Ukraine to the Central Powers and the ports of Kars, Andalan and Batum to the Turks—1.8 million square kilometres, sixty-two million people, around 32 per cent of its best agricultural land, 54 per cent of its industry and 89 per cent of its coalmines.[lxvii] This was in addition to an indemnity of 120 million gold rubles. It was
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