The famous Greek philosopher Epictetus, a contemporary to Peter and Paul, commented that “any one thing in the creation is sufficient to demonstrate a providence to a modest and grateful mind.”9 Paul himself explains that all human beings remain responsible, no matter how far they fall, because of the clear way in which God stands forth in natural reality. “Since the creation of the world,” he says, “God’s invisible nature is clearly presented to their understanding through what has been made” (Rom. 1:19–20).

