But scientists found a loophole in this argument in 1993, through something called quantum entanglement. This is based on an old experiment proposed in 1935 by Einstein and his colleagues Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen (the so-called EPR paradox) to show how crazy the quantum theory really is. Let’s say that there is an explosion, and two electrons fly apart in opposite directions, traveling at near light speed. Since electrons can spin like a top, assume that the spins are correlated—that is, if one electron has its spin axis pointing up, the other electron is spinning down (such that the
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