As a high school and university student studying evolution, I was never told that there were credible scientists who harbored significant skepticism toward Darwinian theory. I had been under the impression that it was only know-nothing pastors who objected to evolution on the grounds that it contradicted the Bible’s claims. I wasn’t aware that, according to historian Peter Bowler, substantive scientific critiques of natural selection started so early that by 1900 “its opponents were convinced it would never recover.”4
