AT&T’s answer was to educate. The company began a seminar series on telephony, held for a small group of outsiders, including Baran. The classes lasted for several weeks. “It took ninety-four separate speakers to describe the entire system, since no single individual seemed to know more than a part of the system,” Baran said. “Probably their greatest disappointment was that after all this, they said, ‘Now do you see why it can’t work?’And I said, ‘No.’”

