Brunsma concluded that “uniform policies negatively affect all aspects of academic achievement when analysed at the school level” and when such policies are implemented in largely minority high schools, then they are “likely to further exacerbate the academic achievement problems witnessed in these schools” (Brunsma, 2004, p. 132). Further, they had no effect on pro-school or pro-peer attitudes, on attendance, on self-esteem, locus of control, coping skills, level of drug use, or behavior incidents.
