Marx, some will note, was explicitly against utopianism, but this is mostly another intellectual or linguistic swindle on his part. By saying he’s against utopianism while describing the final state of Society and Man as existing in a utopian condition, all he’s saying is that the perfected society (the Utopia) can be realized and thus isn’t technically a Utopia, which literally means “No-place,” i.e., outside of the realm of the possible. Marcuse and Freire, with Giroux behind him, explicitly reclaim the term for the eventual society for which they advocate, however.
